42 DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED BIRDS 
mandible or under the scars of wounds acquired during fighting. 
The morbid process leads to disfigurement of the wattles by swell- 
ings and by their assuming a crinkly form. In a small percentage 
of cases of the disease fatal septicemia occurs. 
Morbid anatomy. The more highly thickened areas in the wat- 
tles consist of masses of caseous material. In some cases the ne- 
crotic mass is surrounded by fibrous tissue, yellowish brown in 
color and hard, almost horny in texture. 
Treatment. Cropping the wattles offers the most satisfactory 
means for dealing with the infection. The operation is described 
on page 298. 
Prophylaxis. Preventive measures must be essentially those 
employed against fowl cholera. 
CHOLERA-LIKE SEPTICEMIAS 
The literature contains descriptions of a considerable number 
of acute infections occurring among fowls, turkeys, geese, ducks, 
swans and other birds. In a number of instances the diseases have 
been shown not to be fowl cholera by bacteriological evidence that 
is convincing today. In other instances the features differentiat- 
ing the disease from fowl cholera do not appear convincing at the 
present time. The reports cover a considerable period of time 
during which many changes have occurred in methods of identify- 
ing cultures. Thus the old bacteriological descriptions are inade- 
quate for making an accurate classification of these infections. 
There is little practical need for a close examination of the 
etiology of these septicemias. The general methods of prophylaxis 
are identical with those necessary in combating fowl cholera. 
DISEASES IDENTICAL WITH FOWL CHOLERA 
There are examples of diseases substantially identical with fowl 
cholera which have been described under different names or without 
assignment of name. Lisi described a fatal septicemia occurring 
in fowls which caused the death of all the birds in the flocks in- 
vaded. Nocard and Leclainche agree with Ligniéres that the dis- 
ease was fowl cholera. Rabieaux observed a disease which he des- 
ignates as a hemorrhagic septicemia of the duck and fowl. Lig- 
niéres as well as Hutyra and Marek agree that Rabieaux does not 
show that the disease described by him is different from fowl cholera. 
