FOWL TYPHOID AND SIMILAR INFECTIONS 51 
“ Cultivation. This organism is readily cultivated on the ordinary 
media. It is obtained in pure cultures from the heart blood or liver of a 
fowl just dead from the disease. 
“Agar. On this medium, at 37° C., the growth is moderately vigorous. 
It has a grayish glistening appearance. Isolated colonies are from 1 to 
2 mm. in diameter, convex, and with sharply defined borders. Agar plates 
emit a peculiar penetrating odor, which differs decidedly from the pungent 
odor given off by Bacterium suisepticum. The growth on this medium 
resembles very closely that of B. suipestifer. 
“Gelatin. In this medium the growth is less vigorous. In stick cul- 
tures it is more abundant along the line of inoculation than on the surface. 
Isolated colonies are about 0.25 mm. in diameter, appearing to the un- 
aided eye as homogeneous bodies, but slightly granular under low mag- 
nification. On the surface of the gelatin the colonies are granular and 
slightly spreading. They are not characterized by any distinctive mark- 
ings. There is no liquefaction or softening of the medium. 
“ Potato. On the surface of potatoes a delicate grayish yellow growth 
appears after forty-eight hours when kept at a temperature of 35° C. 
Frequently there is no development, owing, presumably, to the acids in the 
potato. 
“ Bouillon. In alkaline peptone bouillon at 36° C. the growth imparts 
a uniform cloudiness to the liquid within twenty-four hours. If the 
bouillon contains much sugar the reaction becomes acid, otherwise it re- 
mains alkaline. A grayish friable sediment forms in the bottom of the 
tube. After several days’ standing the growth settles, leaving a clear 
supernatant fluid. In a simple peptone solution containing one-half of 1 
per cent sodium chloride the growth is less vigorous than in the one con- 
taining the meat juice. In meat extract bouillon the growth is likewise 
feeble. In acid peptone bouillon there is a very faint cloudiness imparted 
to the liquid. 
“ Alkaline bouillon containing 1 per cent dextrose in the fermentation 
tube becomes cloudy within twenty-four hours after inoculating and 
strongly acid in reaction. Similar tubes of bouillon containing saccharose 
and lactose become clouded throughout but they remain alkaline in reac- 
tion. The degree of alkalinity increases with age. Gas is not produced 
during the growth in bouillon containing these sugars. 
“ Tife conditions and properties. This organism develons at a temvera- 
ture from 20 to 41° C. It does not grow well in acid media. It produces 
indol. 
“ Resistance. It is destroyed at 50° OC. in fifteen minutes. A 1 per 
cent solution of carbolic acid was fatal to it in 5 minutes. It resists 
drying when in films on cover-glasses for from 7 to 15 days. 
“ Pathogenesis. This organism is fatal to fowls, pigeons, rabbits, guinea 
pigs, and mice. Other animals have not been tested. Excepting in in- 
travenous injections, comparatively large quantities of a pure- culture 
were required to produce fatal results. Fowls inoculated in the wing vein 
with 0.3 «ec. of a fresh bouillon culture died in from three to thirteen 
days; usually on the fifth or sixth day. The temperature begins. to rise 
on the second day after inoculation. It reaches 109 to 111° F. a few days 
