52 DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED BIRDS 
before death occurs. In cases where the fowls live from five to six days 
they appear perfectly well for at least three days, when the feathers begin 
to have a slightly ruffled appearance. Pigeons inoculated with 0.2 ¢.c. of 
a bouillon culture die in from four to five days. In rabbits the lesions re- 
semble very: closely those produced by attenuated hog cholera bacteria 
(B. suipestifer). Guinea pigs inoculated in the abdominal cavity with 
from 0.2 to 0.3 cc. of a bouillon culture die in from five to eight days.” 
Differences from B. pullorum. The two causative organisms 
differ materially in their action on sugar media. B. pullorum pro- 
duces gas in dextrose, mannite and levulose, while B. sanguinartum 
does not produce gas in any of the sugars in common use. Milk is 
rendered acid by B. pullorum and alkaline by B. sanguinarium with 
or without saponification in the latter instance. B. pullorum is neg- 
ative to the methyl red test when grown in 1 per cent maltose bouil- 
lon, while B. sanguinarium gives a positive reaction. 
Symptoms, These are quite similar to those of other acute 
septicemic diseases. Drowsiness and indifference to surroundings 
are marked. There is loss of appetite and general weakness. The 
head may be drawn in close to the body or may hang limp. The 
mucosee of the head are pale. Diarrhea is present in the majority 
of cases. The droppings are yellowish and may be tinged with 
green. The comb and wattles are usually paler than normal but 
may be darkened with venous congestion. The blood is pale red 
in color and presents a marked decrease in red cells and great in- 
crease of white cells. The period of incubation is four to six days 
and the duration of symptoms in fatal cases from four to twelve 
days. A temperature elevation of three to five degrees is noted. 
Morbid anatomy. ‘There is a general anemic appearance of the 
serous membranes. The mucous membrane of the intestine is usu- 
ally pale. At times it may show slight areas of congestion, or hem- 
orrhagic points. The most marked changes observed on post mortem 
examination are in the liver, spleen, kidneys and blood. The liver 
is greatly enlarged and generally dotted with grayish necrotie spots. 
It may, at times, be congested throughout or show spots or bands of 
congestion. It has a tendency to become friable. Microscopic ex- 
amination of sections of the organ reveals an engorgement of the 
blood vessels and a breaking down of the parenchymatous tissue. 
The hepatic cells present different stages of degeneration from cloudy 
swelling to complete necrosis. The necrotic areas vary in size from 
that of a few cells to macroscopic lesions. The spleen is sometimes 
