FOWL TYPHOID AND SIMILAR INFECTIONS 53 
enlarged, dark colored and pulpy. It may show necrotic points. 
The kidneys are somewhat enlarged, may be lighter in color and 
slightly injected with blood. 
The vascular system shows the most constant changes. The heart 
appears normal or else pale with grayish spots of necrosis. The 
blood is lighter in color and does not clot readily. Microscopic ex- 
amination reveals a great disproportion between the number of red 
and white cells present. The red cells decrease in numbers to a 
marked degree as the disease advances while the white cells become 
greatly increased in numbers. This increase is confined principally 
to the polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The following table from 
Moore will illustrate the proportionate relationship between the red 
and white cells during the course of the disease. 
TasLeE ITI.— Bioop CHances in Fow. Fep CuLtture Marcy 26. 
Number of Number 
Temper- | red corpus- of white 
Date 5 corpuscles Remarks. 
ature ° F cles per 
ce. mm. per 
c. mm. 
Mar. 26 106.2 3,535,000 18,940 Well. 
Mar. 28 110.0 2,430,000 70,000 Fowl eats very little. 
Apr. 2 110.6 1,684,210 80,000 Blood very pale; fowl 
weak; refuses food. 
Apr. 38 106.0 1,745,000 245,000 Very weak; many red 
corpuscles attacked by 
leucocytes. 
Apr. 4 Gilets gadkiet) |), lates Found. dead. 
In stained preparations of the blood numerous red corpuscles are 
observed undergoing degeneration. This is manifested by the fail- 
ure of the cellular protoplasm surrounding the nucleus to stain reg- 
ularly or at all, and also by vacuolization of the protoplasm of the 
cell. 
Bacterium sanguinarium may be recovered in pure culture on arti- 
ficial culture media from the blood, liver, spleen and kidneys of 
fowls recently dead of the disease. , 
Differential diagnosis. Fowl typhoid is distinguished from 
fowl cholera by the absence of severe congestion of the mucous mem- 
brane of the intestine especially the duodenum, by the absence of 
hemorrhagic spots on the heart, by the failure to find bipolar stain- 
ing bacteria in the blood, and by the finding and isolation of B. 
