FOWL TYPHOID AND SIMILAR INFECTIONS 57 
Symptoms. The disease is characterized by emaciation and a 
peculiar turning of the head from one side to the other. Occasion- 
ally there are paroxysms of aimless flying about. The disease is 
popularly designated ‘“ megrims.” 
Etiology. The organism belongs to the hog cholera group of 
bacteria but differs in several particulars from the specific organism 
isolated from affected hogs. The organism from the pigeon is ap- 
preciably larger. In bouillon a delicate pellicle develops on the 
surface of the fluid, and in old cultures, a deposit is formed on the 
sides of the tube. A marked indol reaction occurs. The pigeon 
culture is less rapidly fatal for experimental animals than B. swi- 
pestifer. 
Morbid anatomy. Autopsy of a bird that had shown the pe- 
culiar head movement for several days revealed no lesions in the 
thoracic or abdominal cavities. There was a friable exudate about 
1 mm. in thickness, in the subarachnoid space over the cerebellum 
and the posterior lobes of the cerebrum. It was grayish yellow in 
color and easily removed. The subjacent brain tissue was reddened 
but otherwise the brain was normal in appearance. The organism 
in question was recovered in pure culture from the brain lesion but 
not from the heart blood. Another pigeon found dead, showed great 
emaciation but few other changes beyond pale, fatty heart muscle. 
The same organism was recovered in pure culture from the liver and 
blood. 
AN INFECTION IN PIGEONS CAUSED BY BACILLUS PARATYPHOSUS B. 
Zingle observed an infection in pigeons apparently caused by B. 
paratyphosus B. 
Morbid anatomy. The external appearance of the carcass, be- 
yond marked emaciation, presents nothing suspicious. The oral 
eavity in all cases is free from lesions. Upon skinning, the breast 
muscle is seen to be colored yellow in some places and permeated 
with bright yellow knots like oat grains. The liver frequently has 
a yellowish gray color, and on closer observation it is seen to be cov- 
ered over the whole surface with countless hyperemic areas, which 
are sharply defined from the surroundings. In more cases the liver 
is permeated with yellow, round, compact knots varying in size from 
that of a grain of wheat to that of a bean, which give the surface a 
roughened appearance. ‘The spleen is generally small without par- 
ticular macroscopic changes. The intestine appears somewhat hem- 
