58 DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED BIRDS 
orrhagic. The most marked lesions are shown by the kidneys. 
These are extraordinarily large, and the borders of the several 
lobules have completely disappeared. The color of the kidneys is 
mostly gray-yellow. They appear to be sprinkled through with 
numerous speck-like foci and they are very fragile in consistency. 
The lungs appear free from lesions in many cases. Frequently, 
however, the lungs contain numerous opaque, gray-white foci the size 
of a hemp seed which are uniformly distributed. Lesions are not ob- 
served in the trachea, but the mucous membrane of the crop in iso- 
lated cases contains yellow crumbly, button-like areas of exudate. 
Etiology. In the bacteriological examination of blood, muscu- 
lature and organs a bacillus was found which agreed with paraty- 
phoid B in cultural, morphological and serological characters. The 
culture agglutinated in a dilution of 1: 15,000 completely and par- 
tially at 1: 25,000 with B. paratyphosus -B serum of a titre of 
1: 30,000. 
All the strains showed the same characteristics as B. paratyphosus 
B in litmus milk, glucose, Endo agar, malachite green agar, gelatin, 
Barsiekow solution 1 and 2, neutral red agar, orzein agar as well 
as milk, potato and bouillon. 
Pathogenicity. White mice succumbed to subcutaneous injec- 
tion in two days. It was especially noticeable that the organism 
cccurred in great numbers, and was never observed mixed with 
other organisms. 
Pathological histology. In microscopic sections of the kidneys 
there are found inflammatory foci somewhat larger than a millet 
seed with round cell infiltration of the interstitial area. Also 
parenchymatous degeneration of the epithelium of the convoluted 
tubules in that the nuclei of the same in part are poorly stained and 
the protoplasm appears to be granular. The lumina of the tubules 
are filled with masses of desquamated epithelial tissue. When 
stained with Sudan they show fatty degeneration of medium degree 
in the epithelium of the labyrinths. 
The investigation of the liver shows that the organ is permeated 
with numerous abscesses. 
The knots in the musculature present themselves microscopically 
as abscesses varying in size from that of an oat grain to that of a 
pepper seed, with distinct lymphocyte walls which mingle with the 
neighboring muscle fibers. In the center of the abscesses there is 
much fibrin and also pus cells. 
