60 DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED BIRDS 
Etiology. The organism isolated is a non-motile rod which is 
Gram negative. Whether a precipitation of casein occurs in milk 
or not, the medium becomes liquid again in 5 to 8 days. The color 
is grayish and the reaction is strongly alkaline. Indol is not pro- 
duced and gelatin is not liquefied. Growth occurs on potato. There 
is nothing distinctive about growth on other media. 
Pathogenicity. It is possible to inoculate healthy hens and rab- 
bits with several drops of infected blood without killing them. Sub- 
cutaneous inoculation with culture does not always kill hens but 
intravenous injection of 1 to 2 ¢.c. of culture has a fatal result. The 
pigeon is easily killed by intravenous and subcutaneous inoculation. 
Ducks and geese are resistant to the infection. The rabbit inocu- 
lated intravenously with 1 ¢.c. of culture is killed, while subcutaneous 
inoculation merely causes tumefaction at the point of inoculation. 
Symptoms. No symptoms characteristic of the infection in 
question are displayed. 
Morbid anatomy. The comb is black, and sometimes dark 
ecchymoses are observed on the skin. There is a clear fluid in the 
pericardium. The liver and the kidneys are congested. ‘The spleen 
is enlarged and much more so than in fowl cholera. The mucosa 
of the digestive tract is reddened in places, but hemorrhages are 
rarely found. 
PATHOGENICITY OF B. ENTERITIDIS AND B. PARATYPHOSUS B 
TO BIRDS . 
Reinholdt has found that introduction of either B. enteritidis or 
B. paratyphosus B into hens, pigeons, geese and ducks, sometimes 
causes a transitory disease and sometimes a fatal disease. This is 
true of a wide variety of methods of inoculation such as intravenous, 
intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and intramuscular injection, as well as 
administration by the stomach. Pigeons are most susceptible to in- 
fection, followed in order by geese and hens. Administration of the 
organisms per os under normal conditions of feeding is of least 
influence. A very large number of organisms is necessary to induce 
infection. The organisms are always recovered when the bird dies, 
but this is not always true when a bird is slaughtered while healthy. 
Agglutinins are detected six days after infection. 
