84 DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED BIRDS 
of naturally infected birds and describes the lesions as follows: 
Hemorrhages in the mucous membrane of the passage between the 
proventriculus and gizzard are highly characteristic of the disease. 
They also occur in the mucosa of the true proventriculus between 
the conical elevations or very seldom they are limited only to these 
elevations. It is possible for the hemorrhages to occur in both 
places in the same fowl. The hemorrhages of the mucosa between 
the papille or in the opening between the two stomachs may be 
superficial, in the mucosa or in the tissues lying beneath. They 
vary greatly in size and may be barely visible or several centimeters 
in diameter. They are red or dark red in color and often are not 
sharply circumscribed. If the conical papille are involved, either 
the whole mass is reddened or only the upper border about the 
mouth of the gland. The hemorrhages in the proventriculus in 
many cases are very small and are often quite separated, so that 
their presence might not be observed on superficial examination. 
This is all the more likely unless the viscid, gray, white, cloudy 
mucus is removed. 
Small hemorrhages are frequently found in the, fatty tissue sur- 
rounding the gizzard, on the mesentery of the small intestine and 
superficially under the cuticle of the gizzard. More rarely, fine 
subepicardial hemorrhages are observed in the pericardium, espe- 
cially in the heart fat, and in the tracheal, laryngeal and pharyngeal 
mucose. ‘They are rarely found in the pulmonary pleure. 
The kidneys are swollen to an extraordinary extent. They are 
either grayish brown in color and clouded or in the acute cases, 
dark brown on account of the presence of an excessive amount of 
blood. 
In the functional ovary, there is a marked congestion of the 
vessels of the yolk capsules. Occasionally hemorrhages are ob- 
served under the serosa in the yolk mass. 
In acute cases a certain degree of swelling of the spleen is ob- 
served. As a rule, however, lesions of this organ do not occur. 
The liver does not show important lesions, but some writers describe 
congestion in acute cases. 
Inflammation of the small intestine is at the most limited to the 
first portion of its length. In some cases there is observed only a 
slight catarrhal inflammation, while in other cases there is a marked 
inflammation with hemorzhages. The ceca and the remaining large 
intestine are very rarely inflamed. Inflammation of the intestine 
occurs in about half of the cases. 
