AVIAN DIPHTHERIA AND BIRD POX 105 
The gross lesions of the mucous membranes are not characteristic 
of infection with pox virus alone. Haring and Kofoid have pro- 
duced similar lesions by mechanical injury or by the injection of 
pyogenic bacteria. However, in diphtheritic lesions not due to pox 
virus, the cell inclusions characteristic of pox infection are not 
present. 
Diagnosis. In typical outbreaks, the disease is readily recog- 
nized by the closely adherent pseudo membranes on the mucosa of 
the mouth and pharynx, and by the characteristic nodules on the comb 
and wattles. When the latter are present, the diagnosis is estab- 
lished. 
Treatment. This, to a certain extent, must be individual and 
according to the stage of the disease. When the excretions are watery 
or viscid they may be partially removed from the nostrils by pressing 
on both sides with the fingers in a manner which will force the ma- 
terial through the openings. The nasal channels are then flushed out 
with an antiseptic solution such as permanganate of potash in 2 per 
cent solution, or boracic acid in 3 per cent solution. This can be ac- 
complished by means of a syringe or medicine dropper. The most 
effective method, however, is to submerge the head in the antiseptic 
solution for a period of 30 seconds, keeping the mouth open and the 
beak elevated to permit the air to escape from the nostrils and be 
replaced by the fluid. The treatment should preferably be repeated 
twice daily. 
Certain features of the structure of the fowl’s head interfere with 
natural drainage in diseased conditions, and likewise, interfere with 
medication. The sub-orbital sinuses so often involved, have no nat- 
ural drainage. The passages connecting them with the nasal cavity 
lead upward, with the result that fluids cannot escape. The tur- 
binated bones also impede the exit of tenacious exudate. The pres- 
ence of exudate in both the turbinated bones and in the sub-orbital 
sinuses prevents access of fluid to the affected mucosa. 
When patches are present in the mouth, they should be carefully 
removed mechanically before treating as above; or the affected areas 
may be swabbed with tincture of iodine, 2 per cent carbolic acid, 70 
per cent alcohol or argyrol in 20 per cent solution. Swellings of the 
sides of the head are to be freely opened and the contents removed. 
The eyes should be kept free of exudate and a mild antiseptic instilled 
between the eyelids. For this purpose argyrol in 20 per cent solu- 
tion has given the best results. Two drops are placed beneath the 
eyelid twice daily. The lachrymal duct and nostrils are also bene- 
