AVIAN DIPHTHERIA AND BIRD POX 109 
course of two to four days, or it may take on a viscid consistency, 
closing the nasal openings and necessitating breathing through the 
mouth. The discharge may also escape through the mouth. This 
is rendered easy by the cleft palate peculiar to birds. 
Morbid anatomy. The mucous membrane of the nasal passages 
becomes swollen and congested and an excessive secretion of mucous 
fluid is poured out. 
Treatment. As the disease is of short duration, it is usually 
only necessary to place the patient under more favorable conditions 
to bring about recovery. In the more severe eases, the nostrils should 
be washed out twice daily with boracic acid in 3 per cent solution, or 
creolin in 1 per cent solution. 
REFERENCES 
1. Beach. Suggestions to poultrymen concerning chicken pox. Univ. 
of Calif. Coll. of Agr. Circ. No. 145, 1915. 
2. Beach, Lothe and Halpin. An outbreak of roup and chicken-pox in 
which the high mortality. was apparently caused by a secondaty invader. 
J. Agr. Research, Vol. 17, 1915, p. 554. 
3. Bertegh. Ueber die Beziehungen zwischen Gefliigeldiphtherie und 
Gefliigelpocken. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. (Etc.), 1. Abt. Orig., Bd. 67, 
1912, S. 48. 
4. Bordet and Fally. Le microbe de la diphtherie des poules. Ann. de 
V Inst. Pasteur, T. 24, 1910, p. 563. : 
5. Burnet. Contribution a lepithelioma contagieux des oiseaux. Ann. 
de I’. Inst. Pasteur, T. 20, 1906, p. 742. 
6. Gallagher. Epithelioma contagiosum of quail. J. Am. Vet. Med. 
Ass., Vol. 3, 1916, p. 366. ; 
7. Hadley and Beach. Controlling chicken-pox, sore-head or contagious 
epithelioma by vaccination. Proc. Am. Vet. Med. Ass., 1918, p. 704. 
8. Halasi. Beitrage zur Kenntniss de Geflugelpocke und der Geflugel 
diphtherie. Inaug. Diss. K6zl. 
9. Haring and Kofoid. Observations concerning the pathology of roup 
and chicken pox. Proc. Am. Vet. Med. Ass., 1911, p. 413. 
10. Harrison and Streit. Roup. Ontario Agr. College. Bulls. 125 and 
182. 
11. Hausser. Bacteriologische Untersuchungen iiber Geflugeldiphtherie. 
Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. (Etc.), 1 Abt. Orig., Bd. 48, 1909, S. 535. 
12. Jackley. A study of the etiology of roup in birds. Kansas Agr. 
Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 4, 1917. 
18. Mack. The etiology and morbid anatomy of diphtheria in chickens. 
Am. Vet. Rev., Vol. 28, 1905, p. 919. ; 
14. Mack and Records. The control of epithelioma in chickens by vac- 
eination. Nevada Agr. Exp. Sta. Bulls. 82 and 84. 
15. Manteufel. Beitrige zur Kenntniss der Immunititserscheinungen 
bo? den sogennannten Gefliigelpocken. Arb. a. d. k. Gsndhtsamte., Bd. 33, 
1909-10, S. 305. 
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