124 DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED BIRDS 
They have also been observed in the interior of giant cells (Smith), 
and epithelial and endothelial cells (Hadley). 
Diagnosis. Entero-hepatitis is readily differentiated from other 
diseases by the definite character of its internal manifestations. 
The presence of yellowish or yellowish-green spots on the surface of 
the liver is specific. Turkeys are much less frequently affected 
with tuberculosis, or malignant tumors than fowls and these dis- 
eases may be eliminated where several birds in a flock become in- 
fected at the same time, especially in the case of poults. The lesions 
of tuberculosis, on cut section, present a fleshy appearance whitish in 
color with yellowish points and usually extend to the spleen, intestine 
and mesentery where they appear as rounded nodules. Tumor 
formations vary greatly in size, are fleshy in character and are usu- 
ally found on the serous membrane. They are of a chronic char- 
acter and occur sporadically. In tuberculous infection, tubercle ba- 
cilli will be found in large numbers on microscopic examination of 
smears from the nodules. 
Treatment. Extensive experiments looking to the treatment of 
entero-hepatitis have so far failed to develop a satisfactory method. 
The insidious nature of the affection and the deep seated location 
of its parasite in the wall of the intestine and in the liver render 
it practically immune from interference by curative agents. Eme- 
tin hydrochlorid, a derivative of ipecac, by repeated hypodermic 
injection has given more or less satisfactory results in the treat- 
ment of amebic dysentery in man, a disease somewhat analogous 
to entero-hepatitis of turkeys. However, the above disease of man 
is of a chronic nature and lends itself to a more prolonged course 
of treatment than is permitted in the case of the comparatively acute 
disease under consideration. Also the value of young turkeys does 
not justify the time and expense which would be involved even were 
the treatment fairly successful. Giving ipecac in small doses might 
prove beneficial. The most promising and economical treatment is 
the administration of crude catechu by means of the drinking water. 
This has been recommended by Fantham for coccidiosis of fowls 
and has given good results in our experience. One-third teaspoon- 
ful of crushed crude catechu is added to each gallon of water. It is 
quite possible that the use of catechu in this manner during the first 
three months would bring the exposed poults safely through the most 
dangerous period. Should signs of constipation develop as a result 
of this treatment, the entire flock may be given Epsom salts in the 
proportion of one teaspoonful to every ten poults. The salts can 
