GENERAL DISEASES 155 
To alleviate this condition the primary cause should be removed. 
An effort should be made to keep the nostrils open by removing exu- 
dates and syringing the parts with an antiseptic solution such as 3 
per cent boracic acid or 2 per cent permanganate of potash. If the 
disease which is responsible for “pip” is successfully treated the 
condition will disappear. 
When the symptom is noticed it is advisable to rub the tongue with 
some substance such as vaseline, cottonseed oil or glycerine. 
THRUSH 
Thrush or soor has been observed to affect the mouth and crop 
of fowls, pigeons and turkeys. The 
affection is characterized by the for- 
mation of grayish white or yellowish 
colored patches adhering to the mu- 
cous membrane without inflammatory 
changes in the latter. Severe involve- 
ment causes death. The organism 
causing the infection is designated Oid- 
ium (Saccharomyces) albicans. Treat- 
ment of oral lesions may consist of the 
application of bichloride of mercury in 
a solution of 1:1000. The crop may yuo 17, oidium albicans. a, cyl- 
be irrigated with boric acid solution as  indrical mycelium; b, spore; ¢, 
in eatarrh of the crop. Authoritative  ¢Pithelial cells 
reports of the occurrence of the disease in fowls are rare. 
CATARRH OF THE CROP 
This is a mild inflammation of the lining membrane of the crop 
due to excessive irritation by ingestion of material of an irritating 
nature, or by the products of fermentation when food for one reason 
or another, stays in the crop for an unusual length of time. It 
occurs in cases of impaction and may also be associated with certain 
infectious diseases. Parasites at times may cause the condition. 
Symptoms. The crop is usually distended with food or gas. 
The fowl appears sluggish and the appetite is diminished or lost. 
Occasionally the beak is opened wide as if to catch the breath or as 
if attempting to vomit. The head and neck also describe tossing 
movements. Later a gray, sour, ill-smelling fluid is discharged from 
