GENERAL DISEASES 161 
Age Dose 
1 to 5 weeks 10 grains 
5 to 10 weeks 15 grains 
10 to 15 weeks ; 20 grains 
15 weeks to 6 months 30 grains 
1 year and over 40 to 45 grains 
To facilitate figuring quickly the number of ounces required for 
treating a number of birds they furnish the following information 
concerning equivalent weights: 
1 pound avoirdupois equals 7000 grains. 
1 ounce avoirdupois equals 437.5 grains. 
1 pound Troy or apothecary equals 5,760 grains. 
- 1 ounce Troy or apothecary equals 480 grains. 
The constipation may be due to obstruction by foreign bodies, to 
. worms in the intestines, or to matting of feathers over the cloaca. In 
the latter condition, softening of the mass and removal of the obstruc- 
tion is first in order. After removal of the material in the cloaca, 
rectal injections of soapy water or olive oil may be made. In very 
small birds a probe wet with glycerine or castor oil may be in- 
serted in the rectum. 
DISTENTION OF THE BURSA OF FABRICUS: 
Occasionally the bursa of Fabricus may become enormously dis- 
tended into a cyst-like structure containing a clear, colorless fluid. 
Schantyr has observed two cases in which the fluid amounted to over 
700 ¢.c. He observes that when an exploratory puncture is made 
' in ease of distention of the abdomen with fluid, a yellowish fluid in- 
dicates ascites, while a colorless fluid indicates hydrops of the bursa 
of Fabricus. 
DISORDERS OF THE LIVER 
Disorders of the liver such as enlargement, fatty degeneration, 
jaundice and the occurrence of various sorts of diseased areas in 
the organ cannot be classified as separate entities. In most cases, 
liver lesions merely consist of a portion of the lesions characteristic 
of the common infectious diseases. Various septicemias, tuber- 
culosis, entero-hepatitis, leukemia and tumors may display more or 
less characteristic lesions in the liver. Perhaps under some condi- 
tions hypertrophy or enlargement of the organ may be due to heavy 
