INTERNAL PARASITES 179 
fowls. Individuals vary from 4 to 9.5 mm. in length and are 2 
mm. broad. The worms are attached to the mucosa of the gizzard 
by their anterior extremities. The mucosa is covered by a brownish 
deposit 2 to 3 mm. thick, consisting of a mixture of blood and debris 
of the parasites. The affected mucosa shows irregular depressions 
which are granulated, reddened and hemorrhagic. The affected birds 
show anemia, progressive cachexia and good appetite to the last. 
One to three months may elapse between appearance of symptoms 
and death, depending upon the age and vigor of the subject. This 
parasite has been reported as causing heavy mortality among 
chickens in France. Its presence in the guinea-fowl has been re- 
ported. 
Ransom has described a nematode worm Gonglyonema ingluvicola 
parasitic in the crop of fowls. The presence of the females may be 
‘detected by noting the ceeurrence of small coiled ridges on the sur- 
face of the mucosa, discernible with the naked eye. The males are 
only discovered by the use of a hand lens. Specimens may be ob- 
tained for detailed study by teasing the tissue. The females vary 
from 32 to 45 mm. in length, while the males are from 17 to 19 mm. 
long. The infestation does not so far as known, result in serious 
disturbance of health. The same parasite has been recognized in 
Europe by Ciurea. 
Trichosoma annulatum is a worm 15 to 80 mm. in length which 
has been reported as occurring under the epithelium of the mucosa 
of the esophagus of the fowl. Another member of this genus, 7. no- 
dularis causes serious trouble in waterfowl. 
Dispharagus spiralis, a worm 7 to 9 mm. long has been reported in 
the same location as well as in the gizzard. Prosthogonimus pellu- 
cidus, a trematode, has been found in the esophagus of fowls. 
PHEASANTS 
Trichosoma strumosum causes serious loss among young pheasants. 
It lives in the large folds of the epithelium of the esophagus and 
sometimes penetrates the mucosa. It 
forms passages in which the female de- 
posits eggs. This destruction of epi- 
thelium occurs in the esophagus, buccal 
* : Fic. 20. Trichosoma strumosum. 
eavity and the trachea. The disease “Female. Anterior extremity. 
eauses great weakness at the beginning, —_(Reibisch) 
followed by rapid emaciation. Death 
