INTERNAL PARASITES 187 
method is to introduce the dose into the crop by means of an oiled 
rubber tube inserted through the oral cavity and esophagus. The 
turpentine, diluted with an equal amount of olive oil may be ad- 
ministered by the mouth. If the mixture is given slowly with a 
spoon or medicine dropper the bird will swallow it naturally and will 
cause very little trouble. Three or four hours after giving the tur- 
pentine, the birds should receive another laxative dose of salts ad- 
ministered in a mash as before. 
Owing to the habit of burying their heads in the intestinal wall, 
tapeworms are very resistant to treatment. Consequently it is ad- 
visable to repeat the vermifuge treatment in about three weeks. 
Gutberlet reports favorably upon the use of lye for expelling tape- 
worms. A tablespoonful of concentrated lye was added to one gal- 
lon of a mixture of wheat and oats 
which was cooked slowly for two 
hours. Fifteen birds, after fasting 
for about fifteen hours, were allowed — 
to eat the mixture. A second dose 
is given twelve hours after the first 
one. 
A number of other substances are 
employed to expel tapeworms, but —===- me 
some fail on account of having lost aa 28, Hymenoiepss Ipnoeotata, 
: : : , cephalic extremity, enlarged 
their active properties. Areca nut 100 times; B, egg enlarged 300 
in doses of 80 to 45 grains may be _ times. (Railliet) 
administered to fowls in the form of a pill, but turkeys do not tol- 
erate this remedy well. 
Powdered pomegranate root bark may be fed to fowls in a dose of 
one teaspoonful to each 50 birds. It may be followed by a purgative 
dose of 2 or 3 teaspoonfuls of castor oil per bird. Male fern in a 
dose varying from 30 grains to 1 dram of the powder may be given 
morning and evening before feeding. 
Mégnin recommends treating pheasants for tapeworm with kamala, 
mixed into a paste with hard boiled eggs and bread. 
Prophylaxis. An accurate knowledge of the secondary host for 
each species of tapeworm, might suggest very effective preventive 
measures but in the absence of much of this information, such 
measures must be of a general nature. It is desirable to collect 
the droppings and treat with lime. Lime or ashes may be scattered 
over the droppings under the roosts. General sanitary measures 
are of value, and particularly, the practice of moving birds to new 
