INTERNAL PARASITES 191 
and from .06 to .07 mm. in breadth. Other species reported in the 
fowl are T. collare, T. dubium, T. caudinflatum and T. gallinwm. 
Symptoms. The chickens become less lively, allow the wings to 
droop and show diarrhea. The appetite is at first very good but later 
becomes poorer. There is increased thirst. The bird becomes more 
and more emaciated and finally can hardly move because of loss of 
strength. Without treatment the disease usually ends fatally. The 
duration of the disease varies from three to ten days according to the 
resistance of the victim. 
When old hens are affected, they show similar symptoms. At the 
beginning of sickness egg laying drops off and soon stops entirely. 
The disease in hens runs a course of 2 to 4 weeks. 
Morbid anatomy. The carcass is greatly emaciated and 
anemic. All organs with the exception of the intestinal canal, are: 
free from lesions. The mucosa of the small intestine throughout 
its whole extent is covered with a grayish yellow exudate. The mu- 
cosa is thickened and reddened on the surface by short streaks and 
points. The contents of the ceca and rectum are thin and viscid. 
Innumerable trichosome worms are present on the mucosa of the 
small intestine throughout its whole extent, and a few also occur in 
the ceca. 
Diagnosis. The disease caused by the trichosomes can be recog- 
nized with certainty only by autopsy. On account of the hair-like 
fineness cf the worms they can only be discovered after the closest 
scrutiny. The contents of the intestine are teased with a needle, or 
the needle is stroked over the mucosa. If the worms are present, it is 
likely that several will adhere to the needle. Another method is to 
remove a portion of the exudate from the mucosa and mix with 
water. The hair-like worms may be detected with the naked eye. 
In any event it is desirable that microscopic examination be made. 
Treatment. Freese recommends the administration of oil of 
anise in early stages of infestation. On each of two successive days 
each chicken is given a dose of 5 drops of etherial oil of anise in 1 
teaspoonful of olive oil. Old hens require twice as much anise oil. 
Trichosomes in the pigeon. T'richosoma columbe is fre- 
quently found in the large intestine of the pigeon. It is capable of 
causing an intense intestinal catarrh. It niay be present in colossal 
numbers in the intestine causing the mucosa to show tumefaction, in- 
filtration, petechiz and red streaks. 
