200 DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED BIRDS 
of fowls in Montana, a view that Wilcox was not able to confirm. 
Among the later observers Walker has reported upon two autopsies 
of fowls in Grahamstown, Cape Province, in which lesions occurring 
in the lungs, were in his opinion, the cause of death. The owner 
reported that the comb turned purple, appetite was lost and the birds 
seemed fretful and weak in the legs. Birds were noticed to be sick 
for a week, when sudden collapse occurred. Observations by Walker 
follow. 
Morbid anatomy. Cytodites are frequently found in the thorax 
and peritoneal cavity, fairly frequently on the mesentery and in the 
trachea. The lungs are mottled in appearance by some purple 
patches .2 to .8 cm. in diameter. On section, hyperemia is observed 
and serous fluid exudes from the cut surfaces. Small miliary 
tubercles of a gelatinous consistency are scattered through the af- 
fected portion of the lung, and parasites are visible in the midst of 
each of these. The larger bronchi and some of the bronchioles con- 
tain an exudate in which the parasites are imbedded. Other organs 
and blood appear normal. The conditions observed warrant the 
pathological anatomical diagnosis of hyperemia and edema of the 
lungs, and bronchial pneumonia. 
Microscopic examination of sections of stained tissue, under 300 
magnification shows that the lung tissue surrounding the invaded 
air passages is infiltrated with leucocytes and red blood corpuscles. 
The blood vessels are congested. Some of the 
parasites have wandered from the air conduits 
into the surrounding parenchyma breaking 
down the regular network conformation of the 
latter. In some of the invaded air passages, 
the parasites have lodged themselves in the 
inner lining and have broken it down. In 
places cytodites are to be seen in the inter- 
lobular fibrous: tissue. The larger bronchi 
contain an exudate. 
Fic. 33. Dithyridium 
variabile, from a fowl. 
Enlarged 10 to 12 CESTODE CYSTS IN THE LUNGS 
times. (Neumann ) 
Neumann has described a case in which the 
encysted parasite known as Dithyridium variabile occurred in great 
numbers in the lung of a fowl. These represent the cystic stage of 
a tapeworm, which has not been identified with the adult form. The 
cysts were observed in the inferior surface of the lungs in the an- 
