INTERNAL PARASITES 203 
acidulated water, the remnants of the parasite may be recovered. 
The nodules are yellowish in color, oval in shape and may become as 
large as 1 mm. in diameter. They may be very numerous in an 
individual and are very common in old cachectic birds. These para- 
sites are not injurious to health except perhaps when they are present 
in excessive numbers. 
Two other connective tissue parasites occur in the pigeon. A 
feather mite, Falculifer rostratus, spends a portion of its life cycle in 
the subcutaneous connective tissue. Filaria clava is located in the 
subcutaneous connective tissue of the pigeon. Neither have any 
effect upon the health of the host. 
TRYPANOSOMIASIS OF BIRDS 
The. blood of a very large number of wild birds is infested with 
trypanosomes which apparently do not exert much pathogenic effect. 
Gray lists nine species of these parasites occurring in birds. Among 
domesticated birds, they have been observed in the fowl and pigeon, 
FILARIA IN THE BLOOD 
Filaria anatis has been observed in the heart of a duck. Embryos 
of filaria have been observed in the blood of a pigeon. 
PARASITE OF AVIAN MALARIA 
Symptoms, The parasite of Danielewsky, Hemoproteus danie- 
lewskyt has also been designated Haemomeba danielewskyi, Halter- 
idium danielewskyi and Plasmodium danielewskyt. 
General nature. The parasite of avian malaria, one of the 
hematozoa of birds, has many points of resemblance with the parasite 
of malaria of man. 
Distribution. The parasite occurs in a large number of wild 
birds. Cardamatis examined the blood of 38 species of birds in 
Greece, including 936 specimens. Of 724 local birds, 21.79 per cent 
were affected. Of 212 migratory birds, 32.07 per cent were infected. 
The domestic pigeon is the only domesticated bird reported as in- 
fested by the parasite. Aragio refers to the parasite of the pigeon 
as a separate species, H. columbe. 
Symptoms in wild birds. Cardamatis observes that birds in- 
tensively infected appear less lively, the plumage is dull and emacia- 
tion causes them to appear smaller. 
