Ascidiacea 11b 



The transverse stigmata, absence of pharyngeal folds, and presence of 

 dorsal languets or teeth on the dorsal lamina, are behaved to be merely juvenile 

 characteristics. 



The arrangement of the parts of the gonad is similar to that in S. uniplicata 

 (Bonnevie, 1896, p. 7). 



Dendrodoa adolphi (Kupffer) 



See RiTTEK (1913, p. 484) and Redikorzew (1916, p. 297) for description 

 and literature. 



West coast of McClintock island, Franz Josef land, (80° 22' N. lat.), July, 

 1902, Baldwin-Ziegler expedition, U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 6640, 6 specimens. 



The invariability in the number (3) of branches of the gonad is perhaps 

 the most striking character of this species. The strong development of the 

 pharyngeal folds and the large number of tentacles (about 55) are also important. 



The three specimens dissected showed the following characters. The 

 lengths were 9, 12 and 15 mm., and the diameters 6, 9, and 10 mm. As the 

 specimens were considerably contracted, the shape in extension must be quite 

 long and cylindrical. The roughening of the surface appears to be almost 

 entirely due to contraction, although there may be several irregularly placed and 

 irregularly shaped excrescences. The area of attachment is definitely terminal 

 and small. 50 tentacles were counted in the second specimen. The majority 

 were approximately equal in size, but a few were quite small. Aperture of 

 dorsal tubercle crescent-shaped. Opening between horns directed forwards, 

 and slightly toward left. 



Formula for bars on pharyngeal folds. 



1. Right. Dors. (8) 1 (4) 1 (6) 1(4) 1 Vent. 



2. Right. " 1 (12) (6) (9) (7) 

 Left. " 1 (12) (5) (8) (6) 



3. Right. " 1 (9) 1 (4) 1 (8) 1 (5) 1 

 Left. " 1 (9) 1 (4) 1 (7) 1 (5) 1 



Gastric folds from 24 to 30 in number. Intestine varying much in curva- 

 ture. In the first specimen it bends back to run parallel to and close beside the 

 stomach and continues in an almost straight but short course to the anus. In 

 the third specimen it takes a short S-shaped course, the final part paralleling 

 the oesophagus and continued into a very long rectum. In the second specimen 

 only does the condition correspond with that described by Ritter, that is with 

 the first part making an even curve around to the oesophagus, and then bending 

 rather sharply forwards and downwards. 



The necessity for a revision of the species of this genus has been repeatedly 

 emphasized. No one seems yet to have had sufficient material for this purpose. 

 Although I have referred these specimens to Kupffer's species, it is highly prob- 

 able that the latter is identical with D. kukenthali Hartmeyer (1899, p. -493) 

 and Cynthia pulchella Verrill (1871, p. 98). The latter has been well described 

 by Van Name (1912, p. 581) as D. aggregata var. pulchella. If these species 

 are synonymous, Verrill's name will have the priority. The differences that 

 have been noted between these forms do not seem to be very important, having 

 to do with the numbers and sizes of the tentacles, numbers of longitudinal 

 bars, orientation of dorsal tubercle, number of gastric folds, and course of intest- 

 ine, all of which vary greatly from individual to individual. With such limited 

 material at my disposal, I hesitate to unite these forms. 



D. adolphi has been recorded from north-east Greenland, Bering sea, and 

 the Gulf of Tartary; D. kiikeyvthali from Bering sea, Siberian Arctic ocean, Kara 

 sea, and Spitsbergen; and D. pulchella from Newfoundland to the Gulf of Maine. 



