TEE HEAD. 



63 



_ 7. Supermaxillary hone.—ln. carnivora, this bone is very short ; its anterior border 

 offers a long process analogous to the nasal spine of Man. It alone furnishes the alveolus 

 ot the tusk The palatm« CHual, pie.ced entirely in the bone of that name, neveitheC 

 opens, by Its inferior extremity, at the junction of the supermaxillary with the nalate 

 bone, ihe maxillary smus is not very spacious, and there is no maxiliaiy spin 



8. Premaxillary bone.~Of little size, tlie premaxillary 

 of carnivora has no inoioive foramen or alveolar cavity for 

 the cauine tooth. The incisive openings are the same as 

 in the Pig. 



9. Palate bone. — In the carnivora, the palate bones are 

 of great extent in their proper palatine portion. They have 

 no share in the formation of the sphenoidal siuuses, but 

 furnish a small excavation to the muxillaiy sinuses. 



10. Pterygoid bone. — This bone is very strong in car- 

 nivora, and quadrilateral in shape. 



11. Zygoma. — The zygoma of the Dog and Cat only 

 articulates with the supermaxillary bone by its base. The 

 crest describes a curve backwards, and the summit com- 

 ports itself as in the I'ig. 



12. Lachrymal bone. — This bone in carnivora is ex- 

 tremely tmall. Its external face entirely belongs to the 

 orbit, and does not descend beneath the margin of that 

 cavity ; it has no lachrymal fossa. 



13. Nasal bone. — The two bones of the nose are liltle 

 developed, and are wider below than above; they have 

 no nasal prolongation, but offer instead a semicircular 

 notch. 



14. Turbinated tones. — These bones in the Dog and Cat 

 are particularly distinguished ibr their numerous convo- 

 lutions. Neither participate in tlie formation of the frontal 

 or maxillary sinuses ; the latter is not in any way closed 

 by the maxillary turbinated bime, but opens into the 

 nasal cavity by a large gnping aperture. 



15. Inferior maxiUury bone.— In carnivora, this is 

 hollowed at the point curresponding to the insertion of 

 the niasseter mutcle into a somewl,at diep fossa. The 

 posterior border is dispnsed as in ruminants, and below 

 the condyle has a very marked tuberosity. The condyle 

 represents an ovoid segment, and fits exactly into the 

 temporal cavity. The coionoid process is very strung, 

 elevated, and wide. The mental foramina are double or 

 treble. There are no interdental spaces, nor excavated 

 surface on the inner face of the branches ; and the latter 

 are never consolidated. 



16. Hyoid bone. — The three pieces composing the body 

 of the hyoid in early life are never consolidated in the 

 adult animal, but always remain isolated, as in Man. 

 The middle piece lias no anterior appendix; the fibro- 

 caitilages uniting the styloid portions to each other and 

 to the temporal bone are very long and flexible. 



COMPAKISON OP THE HEAD OP MAN WITH THAT OP THE 

 DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 



1. Occipital bone. — The occipital of Man is large, ilat, 

 incurvated like a shell, and the external protuberance is 

 sliglitly developed, and united by a ridge to the occipital 

 foramen, which is relatively very wide. Two serie? of 

 ridges arise from the external protuberance and pass 

 towards the circumference of the bone; these are the 

 superior and inf.rior curved or semicircular lines. There 

 is an anterior and a posterior condyloid fntsa pierced by a 

 foramen at the boltom; and the jugular eminences, wide and slightly prominent, re- 

 place the styloid processes of the domesticated animals. 



The internal face of the occipital of Man corresponds with the cerebrum and 



DOa'S HEAD ; POSTEEIOR PACE. 



1, Occipital protuberance ; 2, 

 Occipital foramen; 3, Occi- 

 pital condyle; 4, Condyloid 

 foramen ; 5, Styloid process 

 of the occipital ; 6, Mastoid 

 protuberance ; 7, Concave 

 temporo-maxillary articular 

 surface ; 8, Supercondy- 

 loid eminence ; 9, Inferior 

 orifice of the parieto-tem- 

 poral canal ; 10, Lacer- 

 ated foramen, posterior ; 11, 

 Ditto, anterior. — On the op- 

 posite side at a is shown 

 the orifice communicating 

 with the Eustachian tube 

 and the tympanum ; at 6 

 the passage for the carotid 

 convolution. — 12, Body of 

 the sphenoid ; 1 3, Oval fora- 

 men ; 14, Inferior orifice of 

 the subsphenoidal canal ; 

 15, Pterygoid bone; 16, 

 Nasal surface of the palate 

 bone; 17, Palatine surface 

 of the same; 18, Vomer; 



19, Supermaiillary bone ; 



20, Incisive opening. 



