TEE ANTERIOR LIMBS. 89 



3. Digital Region. — In the domesticated animals the number of complete digits is aa 

 follows : — 



Cam i vera 5 



Pig 4 



Kuminanta 2 



The five digits of the Dog and Cat are exactly analogous to those of Man. Thus, the 

 external corresponds to the anricularis, the second to the annularis, the third to the 

 medius, the fourth to the index, and the internal to the thumb. — The latter, very small, 

 has only two phalanges and does not come into contact witli the ground. Each of the 

 first four is composed: 1, Of a first phulanx, to which are annexed two sesamoids; 

 2, A second phalanx, which yet represents a veritable long bone ; 3, A conioiil phalan- 

 gette, pointed, bent downwards, and hollowed at its base by a circular groove, in which 

 is lodged the matrix of the claw. The small sesamoid (or navicular bone) is absent, but 

 is replaced by a prominence of the ungual phalanx. The aurioularis and index are 

 alike, and not so long as the annularis and medius, which are the same in length. 



The Piq has four complete digits articulating from the metacarpals ; the thumb is 

 absent. The index and aurioularis, or fourth and fifth digits, are short, and do not 

 usually rest on the ground. 



Ruminants certainly possess four digits, but only two are perfect— the medius and 

 annularis — and these articulate with the inferior extremity of the principal metacarpal. 

 The two others — the index and auricxdaris - are in a rudimentary condition, and are 

 represented by two small bones situated above and behind the metacarpo-phalangeal 

 articulation. 



In the Ox, Sheep, and Goat, each of the perfect digits comprises three phalanges and 

 three sesamoids. 



The first phalanx fairly represents the moiety y^„^ 54_ 



of the phalanx in the Horse. It has no posterior 

 imprints, but shows them on its inner surface e'r-^ 



for the attachment of several ligaments. This \i-'^' mum^--. 



internal face is plane, and the external convex ; %ri-^ '^T%t '^"'''Tfllk 



these characters are repeated in the other two ^^^^^^"^^ * 



phalanges. It is also remarked in all the plia- ^^tehj^l fi^'^ ^^'^ ' ''fli^ 



langeal bones, that the external articular facet '*J 



of the extremities is always larger than the 

 internal. Of the two sesamoids, the external is 

 larger and less elongated than the internal. JWUM/// 



first particulate witii each other, and with the ^&l'ilk 



They halanx by small diartlirodial facets. ^^ U 



The second phalanx is hollowed internally }^ 11/// ' '%': 



by a small medullary cavity. Vfc m ;,W 



The ungual phalanx, as a whole, resembles 'Vi '/// / 



one of the lateral moieties of the os pedis of Ifc '/ if 



solipeds. This phalanx has no complementary ^ ' , ' | 



fibro-cartilage, basilar process, or retrossal emi- 

 nence, nor yet a cavity of insertion on the sides 



of the pyramidal eminence. The semilunar "^IBl^)^ 



crest is replaced by an obtuse, thick, and rugged TOSa'^J 



relief, which occupies quite the posterior limit ^_^ 



of the inferior face of the bone. Three large ' 



canals penetrate the third phalanx, two to the HtJMAN scapula ; external aspect. 

 base of the pyramidal eminence, and one towards -^^ Supraspinous fossa; 2, Infraspinous 

 the origin of the preplantar fissure. They form, {ass&; 3, Superior border; 4, Supra- 

 in the interior of the bone, a vast sinus, givmg scapular notch ; 5, Anterior or axillary 

 rise to several vascular canals which open on the border ; 6, Head of the scapular and 

 surface. There is only one foramen at the base of glenoid cavity; 7, Inferior angle; 8, 

 the pyramidal eminence in the «maikriJw)rana«<s. jj^^jj ^f the scapula; 9, Posterior 



border; 10, Spine; 11, Triangular 



COMPAETSON OF THE THOKACIO LIMB OF MAN WITH smooth surface, over which the tendon 



THAT OP THE DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. of the trapezius glides, with the tuber- 



A. SHOrLDEK.-The shoulder of man (fig. 54) -1- j^J^^Z^^.l^::^, 



has for its base two well-developed bones, the l^^'^^^^^'^H.^^i 'I,. 



scapula and clavicle. The scapula is more dis- foiamen , 14, l^oiacoia p 



♦inctlv triane-ular than that of all the domesti- t , 



cSed^Sls: its vertebral border is also more extensive. The scapular spme, very 



