188 



TBE MUSCLES. 



of the latter muscle ; then the limb is removed by sawing through the scapula beneath 

 the insertions of the angularis and great serrated muscles, as in figure 105. But as 

 neither the cervical or dorsal insertions of the splenius are exposed, it is necessary to 

 proceed to the second part of the operation by removing the rhomboideus, angularis, 

 and the superior extremity of the shoulder. To prepare the third layer, which com- 

 prises the great and small complexus, it is sufficient to excise the splenius, in following 

 the direction of the neck, and to turn upwards and downwards the two portions of the 

 muscle (See fig. 106). Lastly, the deep layer — the transverse spinous, intertransverse, 

 oblique, and posterior straight muscles, as well as the cervical ligament — is exposed by 

 removing the two complexus and the ilio-spiualis muscles (See fig. 104). 



1. Bhomhoideus. (Figs. 101, 6; 104, 1, 2.) 



Synonyms. — Described by Bourgelat as two muscles, the proper elevator of the 

 shoulder and the rhomboideus, these were termed by Girard the cervico-subsoapularis 

 and dorso-subscapularis. (This is the rhomboideus longus and hrev^ of Percivall, and 

 the dorso-scapularis and cervico-subscapularis of Leyh.) 



Form — Situation — Direction. — This muscle has the form of a very 

 elongated triangle, and is situated at the inner aspect of the cervical 

 trapezius and the scapular cartilage, beneath the cervical ligament, whose 

 direction it follows. 



Fig. 101. 



LATERAL VIEW OF THE NECK; SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES. 

 1, 1, Parotid gland ; 2, Sterno-maxillaris and, 14, Its junction with its fellow of the 

 opposite side; 3, 4, Mastoido-humeralis, or levator humeri; 5, Splenius 6 

 Ehomboideus; 7, Funoular portion of the cervical hgament, or Cmen'tum 

 coll.; 8, Angularis of the scapula; 9, Supra-, or antea-spinatus ; 10, Se" us 



i,%Trathea."^ '^ '*'^' '^' ■'"^"''^' ^""' ^^' Subscapulo-hyoZs i 



Structure— Attaclments.~li is composed of thick fleshy fasciculi the 

 antenor of which are oblique downwards and backwaS^t pos ter t 

 passmg directly downwards. These fasciculi are fixed by their sunerW 

 extremity to the funicular portion of the cervical ligament and the summite 

 of the spinous processes of the four or five dorsal vertebra succeeding the 



