202 TBE mUSCLES. 



IS divided, ™P'^™^\y'^^"*° *J° nrocess the curved line of the occipital bone, and to the 

 very wide, P^^^^^f f t^'^^^^^^f^t't^Se 1 with the trapezium (Fig! 112, 22); the other, 

 cervica ligament mbecommcowo joins the stemo-suboccipitalis, and 18 



tVrt^lTXthf b liar pro^^^^^^^^ aftm- receiving thi fibres of the long flexor of the head 

 .^ ?i9 91^ The -UDoer extremity of the deep portion of the mastoido-hunierahs la 

 nse'iiedin?otteaUasTy'a flattened t'endon alone^hich is quite distinct from the atloid 

 insertions of the snlenius and the small complexus. ,■■•,, 



Tn?heSft*6«and Goat, the costal band that joins the superficial portion is absent. 

 The latter is divided at its inferior extremity into two branches, between which pass the 

 bicecs The upper branch passes to the epitrochlea. ^ ^ .,,,.„ . .,, . 



The rferno-mLiflary muscle, instead ot being inserted into the inferior maxilla is 

 united to the suboccipital branch of the mastoido-humera ,s, to be attached to the basilar 

 Process At another- time we will discuss the determination of this muscle, and that of 

 the flesiiv band here considered as belonging to the first (see Spinal Nerve) 



The stemo-hyoid and sterno-tliyroid muscles are thicker than m the Horse, and not 



^^Theluhscapulo-hyoideus of Euminants is but slightly developed and might be termed 

 the traohelo-hyoideus; as it proceeds to the tiansverse process c.f the third or fourth 

 cervical vertebra. In its passage beneath the basilar branch of the mastoido-huraerahs 

 and stemo-suboccipitalis (sterno-maxiUaris), it contracts adhesions with the fibres of these 



^°The OTeni anterior straight muscle of the head descends to the sixth cervica,! vertebra. 

 Its cervical insertions are covered by a very strong muscular fasciculus, which is annexed 

 to it Like it, this fasciculus leaves the sixth cervical vertebra, and is attached to the 

 transverse processes of the four vertebrse preceding the last, by becoming confounded 

 with the intertransversales, and finally terminating at the tracheal process of the atlas by 

 fleshy and aponeurotic fibres. This muscular fasciculus singularly strengthens the neck 

 when it is inclined to one side. In consequence of its attachments, it might be named the 

 trachelo-atloideus (Fig. 112, 24). j, .i. j i, j 



Lastly, in Euminants the superior scalenus is very developed, being a flattened band 

 ■which, gradually expanding, is prolonged to the surface of the serratus niagnua. 



2. Pig.— In this animal, the cuticularis colli is in two portions : an inferior, which 

 comes from the point of the sternum;, and a superior, from the external scapular region. 

 Thev unite in front, and are prolpn^ed in common on the muscles of the face, con- 

 tracting adhesions with the external a^ect of the body and the branches of the maxillary 

 bone. 



The other muscles of the inferior cervical region are not unlike those of Euminants. 

 Of the two portions of the mastoido-humeralis, the superficial is bifid at its superior 

 e.'ctremity. The posterior branch, the clavicular portion of the trapezius, is attached to 

 the side of the occipital protuberance ; the anterior branch, tile cleido-mastoideus, goes 

 beneath the external auditory hiatus, to the crest that replaces the mastoid process ; the 

 deep portion is attached above to the atlas only. 



In the Pig, the sterno-maxUlaris exactly represents the sterno-raastoideus, as its 

 tendon passes directly to the mastoid process. 



The sterno-thyroideus is double ; the supplementary branch going to the inferior face 

 of the thyroideus. 



The snbscapulo-hyoideus and qreat anterior straight mvscle of the head, resemble those 

 of the Ox. The small straight lateral muscle is scarcely distinct from the small oblique. 

 The superior scalenus extends to the third rib. The two lateral portions of the long 

 muscle of flie neck are separate, and form two distinct muscles. 



3. Caknivora. — In the JJog, each cuticularis is doubled into two portions, as in the 

 Pig. The fibres from the bi'east are directed in a diverging manner over the face, the sub- 

 maxillary space, and the parotid gland, where they form the parotido-auricularis muscle. 

 The portion coming from the external scapular region is thicker and wider ; it covers 

 the lateral parts of the neck, the parotid gland, the parotido-auricularis, passes above the 

 preceding, and terminates on the face and in the submaxillary space, where its fibres 

 join those of the opposite side. 



The mastoido-humeralis comports itself somewhat as in Euminants and the Pig. The 

 superficial portion is bifid superiorly ; one of its branches is fixed into the mastoid process — 

 the cleido-mastoideus ; the other into the mastoid crest and cervical ligament, in uniting 

 by aponeurosis with the trapezius — the clavicular portion, of the trapezius. The deep 

 portion passes from the atlas to the scapular spine. 



