THE MOUTH. ggg 



MOLAHS— " As in Solipeds, the molars are six in each sme of the laws but thpv »vo 

 much smaller, aud form a much shorter arcade. Their reciprocal volumJ^^! fl? "^ 

 b.mg as uniform as in the Horse, but goes on augmenting She first "The six h aZ 

 tff f ti f ''"' ■''!,* !■''" 1P=^«« ««="Pi^<i by the three anterior molars is on y about o,?e 

 half of that required tor the three_ posterior ones ; the last molar alone occupts neariv" 

 tour times as much space, lengthwise, as the first occupies neaUy 



" Their wearing surface, constructed on the same system as that of the Horse's molars 

 presents eminences a little more acute." -norse s moiais 



aaimah ^™''°''""°* °^ *^^i' *^''^« coustituents is in principle the same as in the latter 



" As in the Horse, the three front molars are deciduous 

 A- ■A^}''- *f'^*^°f tlie Sheep and Goat are, like those of the Ox, thirty-two in number 

 su;"rment.;^lr^"^-^ ^^' '--''''''■''"'' ''^'''-' *° -^^^^ - -eti^ Td^d 



" The mcisors of the smaller Eumlnants are not disposed like a key-board, as in the 

 Ox,butstanduptotorm a grip, resting against the pad on the upper jaw much more 

 by their extremity than by their iimer surface. ff J '^ "^'^'-i more 



alveolT ^fii^iakS'.'"'^"'' °^™'^' ^"'^ ^""'"^^^ ^°^ '"^^' """^ "® ^'''"^ ""■*= =°li<i'y i° *« 



"Thei? external face is white and polished, and is encased towards the gum in a 

 kind 01 black cement. = " '" " 



f li-'T,^?^^^''^^ face has two wide, longitudinal grooves, separated towards the middle 

 rf the table by a simple ridge, which replaces the conical eminence of the Ox's incisor 

 These grooves are nearly always lined with the black cement-like substance 



' Tiie mcisors ot the Sheep are, like the Ox's, distinguished into temporary and 

 replaomg teeth ; the fii-st are known from the others by 

 tiieir smallness, and particularly by their narrowness. "' ' " ' 



"The wear of the incisors in the Sheep, from their 

 position, ought to take place nearer the anterior border 

 than in the Ox; the dental star is observed more 

 promptly, and always forms a narrower line from before to 

 behind. 



" The absence of a neck in these teeth is the reason 

 why they never appear to separate with wear, as has been 

 lemarlced in the Ox. 



"The molars have the greatest resemblance, in their inoisoe teeth of a sheep 

 general form and relative proportions, to those of the Ox." two yeaes old 



^ »'%:"^- ^P'--^"] ]^''/viT''\ *^t "P? ^''^ ""'"^^^^ The second intermediates and 

 cleft. The lower is pointed and little developed ; the upper ,,he corner incisors have not 

 is contounded with the snout, which will be described y^j jjgg^ replaced 

 ■with the nostrils." (The upper lip has but little mobility.) 



" 2. Cheeks. — These are small and thin, and the mucous membrane smooth. 



" 3. Palate. — Narrow and elongated, it is disposed as in the Horse. In front is seen 

 the orifices of Jacobson's canals." (The transverse ridges are twenty to twenty-two in 

 number, the anterior being larger than the posterior, and their free borders are united). 



"4. Tongue. — 5. Soft Palate. — These two organs are the same as in the smaller 

 Ruminants, except that the filiform papillae are perhaps less developed" (The isthmus 

 of the fauces is circular, and the posterior pilhtrs are confounded with the mucous 

 membrane at the upper part of the cesophagus. Its anterior surface has. several conical 

 eminences in the middle, and the amygdalie are little rounded elevations.) 



"6. Teeth. — The Pig has forty-four teeth, which are divided into twelve incisors, 

 four canines and twenty-eight molars " (fi?. 165). 



" The incisors, six in eai'h jaw, exhibit very remarkable differences between each 

 other. The pincers and the intermediates of the upper jaw offer, by their form and the 

 cavity they show on their table, some analogy to those of the Horse. In the lower 

 jaw,, these teeth are straight, directed forwards, and bear some resemblance to the 

 incisors of rodent animals. The corner incisors of both jaws are isolated between the 

 intermediate and canine teeth, ana are not nearly so voluminous as the other incisors. 



" The tusks are very developed, particularly in the male, and cross each other during 

 the life of the animal ; they project from the mouth, and form a very dangerous weapon 

 in the wild boar. The primary canines are deciduous like the incisors. 



'' The molars, seven in each row, increase in volume from the first to the last, which 

 is very strong. Their tables hold a middle place, with regard to disposition, between 

 that of the Camivora and Herbivora. 



"Caknivoka. — 1. Lips. — The Camivora, like the Pig, do not use their lips to grasp 



