THM SALIVARY GLANDS. 371 



r.rriSf;r;ii"%T'£'K';2 srA=s^^ 



o M -7; , ■^^"^i' and Goai at the fourth molar.) 



enlarges into an oval lobe wluch below ttlUnx lesatinBrthtt nf f.'"°' "t*^ ," 

 Wharton s duct follows the same course as inX'HorsetTe Sp ,1a th^uTwhieb ii 

 S^r" ' '''"*"^' ""'' "°""^''^' ^'^'^ '^ l°'^g^'i i- - «1"P^'^1 fortte Tear the 



3. SuUlngual gland.~ln the Ox, Sheep, and Goai, this gland comprises two 



l^Zy duoT vS foTors'^nd""'""'''""^ ^^rl ^"^"''^^^-i- P-"^"^ wZa'TpecLl 

 excietory auct winch toUows and opens near Wharton's duct (by the ductus Bartho- 

 hnzanm); and an anterior, pourmg out its secretion by many (^nfainnd representing 

 thlt'nd!""''''' ^'^^^"'^'^Senieut aUows the salivate be^collected separably from 



4. Molar glands.—These are more developed in Ruminants than in Solipeds. The 

 upper one is enlarged at its posterior extremity. 



^\l!s^^Jl^ll FT^^'^.f''''^ ?^ >^'^t ^"™^^ ^"' '^**1« developed, as in Euminants, and 

 Stenons duct follows the posterior border of the lower jaw. (Leyh says that it is pro- 

 portionately, largely deveU.ped ; that its upper end does not reach the eonoii of the ear, 

 am: tliat btenon s duct opens at the sixth molar.) 



The sublingual gland is analogous in its disposition to that of the Ox. Cuvier, in his 

 Lemons d Anatomic Comparee,' indicates this:— "The Pig has two sublingual glands. 

 Une very Jong and narrow, accompanies, outwardly, the exi;retory canal of the sub- 

 maxillary gland, from the angle of the jaw to the second sublingual. It is composed of 

 small lobules of a pale red colour. Its excretory duct arises near the posterior third, and 

 passes along with, but to the outside of, the submaxillary duet. It terminates mar the 

 orifice of the latter by a small opening ; its diameter is equally small. The second Gub- 

 Imgual gland is placed before the first ; its form is square and flattened, and the lobos of 

 which it IS composed are larger and redder. It has from eight to ten excretory dutts." (In 

 this animal the duct of Wharton does not open into the mouth by a papilla ; consequently 

 there is no barb.) 



Carnivoka.— The parotid of the Dog and Cat is small, and Stenon's duct always 

 passes through the masseter. (It opens at the fourth molar in the Dog, and the third in 

 the Cat.) 



In the Dog the submaxillary glands are larger than the parotids. " They even have 

 in front, along Wharton's duct, a small accessory gland, with a distinct excretory canal 

 opening into the same papilla as Wharton's." (Leyh states that the submaxillary duct 

 does not project into the mouth). The supplementary gland is absent in the Cat. 



The suhlingual gland is not present in the Dog ; it is very small in the Oat, and 

 carried further back than in the other animals. (Leyh describes a sublingual gland as 

 present in the Carnivora, and which is divided into two pnitions, as- in the Pig: the 

 anterior being formed of detached lobules that open into the mouth by several ducts • 

 and the posterior, larger above than below, with two ducts, the smaller opening into 

 "Wharton's duct, and the larger a little in front of it.) 



The upper molar gland of the Dog, scarcely noticeable for the greater part of its 

 extent, forms posteriorly, under the zygomatic arch, near the eye, an independent lobe, 

 remarkable for its large size and its single excretory duct. Duvernoy, who first 

 described it, proposed to name itthe suhzygomatic glnnd. It is not present in the Cat. 

 (This is doubtless the organ described by Leyh as the orbital gland, which, he says, is 

 only found in the Dog; the superior molar gland, according to him, not existing in tliat 

 animal. This orbital gland is external to the ocular muscles, has three or four excretory 

 canals (the ductus Nuckiani) which converge into one duct that opens into the mouth 

 above the last molar.) 



The labial. Ungual, and palatine glandulee are much less developed in the .Carnivora 

 than the Herbivora. This predominance of the salivary system in the latter iii suffi- 

 ciently accounted for, when we consider the hard, fibrous, and coriaceous food these 

 animals live upon, and which must be ingested in large quantity, because of the small 

 amount of nutrition it contains. For its mastication and deglutition a great amount of 

 saliva is absolutely necessary. 



