ORGANS ANNEXED TO THE ABDOMINAL DIGESTIVE CANAL. 419 



gasthc juice. The surface wCh sefrete that fl .iM t '*f f*«'->^^"g impregnated by the 

 if it has to perform its functions moTfrennentlw n" ^'."S^l'^ry reduced, because 



display so iSuch activity i^a KivS. time I? L ■" ^T'^T' '' ii' "?* '■"I""'^'^ *° 



reparative matters and these^TlreS^e?ze7hv^^ '^^ assimilable and 



=^?ir=^-l^^"-^-^^-^SttS^^^ 



digetTvi^fZirSrusTn^i^alf ^ ^^^^""'""^ *^^ ^"*--^-*^ -^-^'- of the 



tnbe'^a'nTtS t^uroftTSlnTf S f^^^^^^^ 



and this har-monyisequaliyapparent.hen tKmLlfr/^^^^^^ 



^n ™Tf ™*"! °^ *^^ economy.and with the natural habits and rnstnct^t- creatures 



So It IS tl at a. creature furnished with an ample stomach and narrow intestine wUl have 



sbarp teeth and claws to tear its prey, strength and agility to capture it and wi 1 dso 



pos»ess sanguinary mstmcts, while another, with its ga"stn^ surfac^e greatlV dimTn ished 



will have intestines as developed m their length as in their capacity, and be dis i" luished 



by Its peaceiulhabits, the absence of aggressive claws, and the crush ng and grind ugfuim 



of the principal pieces of its dental apparatus, etc. B""ui"b wira 



ORGANS ANNEXED TO T&E ABDOMINAL PORTION OF THE DIGESTIVE 



CANAL. 



These organs are three in number : two glands — tixe liver and pancreas, 

 which pour into the small intestine two particular fluids, the hile and pan^ 

 creatic juice ; and a glandiform organ, the spleen, remarkable for its nume- 

 rous vascular connections with different organs of the digestive apparatus, 

 and which for this reason deserves to be studied with it, although it is 

 doubtful, if not improbable, that it has anything to do with digestion. 



Preparation. — These three organs can readily be studied after removing the intestinal 

 mass, us indicated at page 385. In order to examine the details of their organisation 

 with more facility, it would be well to detach them altogether with the diaphragm and 

 kidneys, and to lay out the whole on a table. (To study the relations of these three 

 organs with those of the abdominal cavity, it is advisable to place the subject on its 

 sternum after removing the intestines, and to detach the posterior part of the body at the 

 loins.) 



The Uver. (Figs. 182, 211, 216.) 



Situation — Direction. — This organ is situated in the abdominal cavity, to 

 the right of the diaphragmatic region, and in an oblique direction down- 

 wards and to the left. 



Weight. — The weight of the healthy liver, in a middle-sized Horse, is 

 eleven pounds. 



Form arid External Surface. — Eeleased from all its connections with the 

 neighbouring organs, and viewed externally, it is seen to be flattened before 

 and behind, irregularly elongated in an elliptical form, thick in its centre, 

 and thin towards its borders, which are notched in such a manner as to 

 divide the organ into three principal lobes. This configuration permits it 

 to be studied in two faces and a circumference. 



The anterior face is convex, perfectly smooth, and channeled by a wide 



