TSE EXTERNAL ILIAO ABTEBIES. 557 



Femoral artery. — As iu the Horse, this gives off: 1, Several muscular innominate 

 branches ; 2, Two great muscular arteries, the posterior of which furnishes the prepubio 

 artery ; 3, A saphenal branch. 



In the Bitch, the external pudio artery, emanating from the prepubio division, presents 

 some peculiarities in its distribution : it gives off a long branch which is placed in the 

 texture of the mammse, and passes forward to meet and unite with the mammary branch 

 furnished by the internal thoracic artery ; It then runs between the two thighs in a 

 llexuous manner, and reaches the lips of the vulva, where it ends in numerous ramuscules 

 that anastomnse with the vulvular divisions of the internal pudio artery. 



The saphena artery is as remarkable for its large volume as for its destination. It 

 descends on the internal face of the leg, furnishing numerous subcutaneous divisions, 

 and ti'rminates at the hock by several slender plantar twigs, which accompany tlje fiexor 

 tendons. Among the branches given off by tnis vessel iu its course, it is necessary fo 

 distinguish two: one which follows the anterior branch of the saphena vein to the 

 hock, where it communicates by its terminal divisions witli the tarsal artery ; tlie other 

 ai'isea a little lower, passes beneath the phalangeal flexor muscles, and is expended on the 

 hock iu articular and malleolar branches. In the latter branch we see a trace of the 

 peroneal artery of Man. The sapliena itself, considered as a whole, and particularly 

 towards its inferior moiety, supplements the posterior tibial artei-y. 



Popliteal artery. — This artery gives an important femoro-popliteal branch, and enters 

 the tibio-peroneal arcade to constitute the anterior tibial artery, after distributing on 

 its course muscular ramuscules — rudiments of the posterior tibialartery of other animals. 

 The anterior tibial artery, arriving in front of the hock, detaches the tarsal artery : 

 a voluminous branch divided near its origin into several superficial superior and inferior 

 branches. It continues to descend, traverses from before to behind the superior part of 

 the third intei-metatarsal space, and terminates by an arterial arcade situated beneath 

 tiie flexor tendons ; from this arcade emanate ascending divisions, which nnastomos6 

 with the plantar arteries, and three large descending or digital branches, which affect the 

 same disposition as three analogous principal arteries emanating from the superficial 

 palmar arcade of the anterior limb. 



COHPAEISON OP THE EXTERNAL ILIAC3 OF MAN WITH THOSE OE ANIMALS. 



In Man, the external iliac forms the external branch of the bifurcation of the 

 common iliac ; it extends to the crural arch, where it takes the name of femoral artery. 

 It furnishes the circumflexa ilii and epigastric : the latter resembling, in its distribution, 

 the posterior abdominal branch given off by the prepubic artery in the Horse. 



The femoral artery has the same general disposition as in animals, and almost the 

 some collateral branches. There is no prepubic artery ; the divisions furnished by this 

 trunk in Solipeds originate separately from the femoral artery ; these are : the abdominal 

 tequmenial aiiery (superficial epigastric), and the external pudie aHeries—\he one re- 

 sembling the subcutaneous abdominal artery, and the others the blanches of the external 

 pudic artery of animals. , , , ,, , . j, c j.i, i 



The popliteal artery is a superficial vessel situated at the posterior face of the knee- 

 ioint, in a lozenge-shaped space limited by the muscles of the region, and named the 

 popliteal space. At the tibio-peroneal arch it bifurcates, and constitutes tlie anterior 

 tibial and the tibio-peroneal trunks. -, , ., i j. 



The tibio-peroneal trunk does not exist in animals in which the peroneal artery 

 is in a rudimentary state, in consequence of the feeble development of the peroneus. 

 This trunk is short, and furnishes the nutrient artery of the tibia, then divides into the 

 peroneal and posterior tibial arteries. The first descends to the external malleolus, 

 along the inner face of the tibia, and terminates in two branches, one of Avhich the 

 anterior peroneal, communicates with the dorsal artery of the tarsus-a branch of the 

 pedal. The posterior tibial, on reaching the concavity of the calcis constitutes the 

 internal and external plantar arteries. The internal plantar is directed forwards beneath 

 the sole of the foot, and is lost in the muscles of the great toe, or forms the collateral ot 

 the latter vessel. Beneath the tarsal articulations, the external plantar describes a curve, 

 having its cou'avity backwards, and anastomoses, at the fourth mtermeta tarsal space, 

 with the termination of the dorsalis pedis ; from this results a plantar arch, which gms 

 off, from without to within: 1, The external collateral of the httle toe; 2 3, 4 5 the 

 interosseous plantar (or digital) arteries of the first, second, third and fourth mter- 

 metatarsa! spaces; these arteries, at the root of the toes, bifurcate to furnish collaterals 



*° *The aXio'; tihial aHery, situated on the anterior face of the interosseous ligament 

 that unites the tibia to the peroneus, extends to the annular ligament of the tarsus. 



