872 THM GENERATIVE APPARATUS. 



constitutes the head of the penis. On its inner surface are some valvular folds, some 

 depressions the lacuna) of Morgagni, the veru montanum, and towards the summit uf this 

 a small pouch— the male uterus {sinus pooularis'), which, on a very reduced scale, repre- 

 sents the third vesicula of Solipeds. The muscles of the urethra are the ischio-cavernosum, 

 accelerator urinse, Wilson's muscle, and the transversus perinsei — superficial and deep. On 

 emerging from the pelvic cavity, the urethra traverses an aponeurotic membrane named 

 the ligament of Carcassonne. 



Corpus cavtrnosum. — This offers nothing particular in its disposition. 



Penis. This organ is free, and is suspended in front of the pubis. It is enveloped 



by a fibrous covering— the superficial fascia, and a cutaneous cylinder — the sheath. It is 

 attached by two supensory ligaments : the superficial is elastic, and arises frnm the linea 

 alha ; the deep is inelastic, and is detached from the symphysis pubis and the anterior 

 pillar of tlie inguinal ring. (It is usual to describe only one ligament— the ligamentum 

 suspeiisorium penis, separating to form two layers which give passage to the dorsal 

 vessels, and nerves of the penis.) The glans is separated from the rest of the organ by a 

 constriction designated the cervix, and around this the skin forms a (circular) fold — the 

 prepuce, which covers the glans more or less completely. It is attached to the middle of 

 its lower face by a thin fold— the frsenum prsepulit. The inner surface of the prepuce 

 has a large number of sebaceous glands. 



CHAPTER II. 



GENITAL ORGANS OF THE FEMALE. 



These organs resemble those of the male in their general disposition. Thus 

 we find in the female : 1, Two secretory organs, the ovaries, analogous to 

 the testicles, and charged with the elaboration of the germ ; 2, The uterine 

 (Fallopian) tube, disposed, like the epididymis and vas deferens, as a flexuous 

 canal, through which the ovum passes on leaving the ovary ; 3, The uterus, 

 a single reservoir formed of two lateral moieties which may be compared to 

 the vesiculse seminales, as it is there that the germ remains until it is fully 

 developed ; 4, The vagina, a membranous canal analogous to the urethra, 

 and giving passage to the foetus after it has been formed in the uterus : this 

 canal, which receives the penis during copulation, also shows, at its exterior 

 opening, the vulva, an erectile apparatus, and the clitoris, which is nothing 

 more than a rudimentary corpus cavernosum of the male. The female has 

 also certain glands, which, in many species, exist in a rudimentary form in 

 the male : for instance, the mammae, organs for the secretion of milk, the 

 first nourishment of the young animal. 



(The glands of Duverney, in the female vagina, seem to be analogous to 

 Oowper's glands in the male, as they are present in the females of all 

 animals where the latter exist in the male, and their secretion appears to be 

 of the same character.) 



It may be remarked, after this enunciation, that the male and female 

 genital apparatus are constructed on the same type : a circumstance which is 

 most clearly demonstrated at an early period of intra-uterine life, when it is 

 impossible to distinguish the sexes. 



1. The Ovaries. (Fig. 411, 1.) 

 Situation — Form — Belations. — The ovaries {testes muliehres), the essential 

 organs of generation in the female, are two ovoid bodies, smaller than the 

 testicles, though of the same shape, situated in the abdominal cavity,' and 



' The ovaries sometimes leave this situation. Thus M. Dupont, of Plazac, has 

 observed them, in four swine, occupying little cavities, analogous to those of the male 

 scrotum, in the perineal region.—' Journal des Ve'te'rinaires du Midi,' December, 1869. 



