CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



1. Plant Lite in Genebal i 



2. Leaves and Their Structures 13 



3. The Manufacture or Food . . . . '. -25 



4. Leaves in Relation to Light 37 



5. The Water Relations oe Leaves . . . , . 48 



6. Leae Coloration and the Fall oe Leaves ... 63 



7. Digestion, Transfer, and Accumulation of Foods . 74 



8. The Utilization of Foods .... .82 



9. Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees 94 



10. Stems and Their External Features .... 102 



11. The Structures and Processes of Stems . . .118 



12. The Environment of Plants 139 



13. Ecological Groups of Stems 154 



14. The Structures and Processes of Roots . . . 166 



15. Roots and Their Environment . . .182 



16. Reproduction in Flowering Plants ; Flowers, Fruits, 



and Seeds 197 



17. Reproduction in Relation to Agriculture . . .217 



18. Teie Alg^ 234 



19. Bacteria and Fungi . . 249 



20. Liverworts and Mosses 272 



21. The Ferns and Their Allies 283 



22. Seed Plants: Gymnosperms 294 



23. Seed Plants: Angiosperms 303 



24. The Evolution of Plants 318 



Index 331 



