KEY TO THE ORDERS xi 



Styles or stigmas united into a disk. 

 Petals and sepals numerous : leaves with flat blades : 



aquatic plants. Nymphaeaceae in Order Ranales. 131 

 Petals and sepals few : leaves with pitcher-like organs : 

 bog plants. 



Sarraceniaceae in Order Sarkaceniales. 157 

 ii. Sepals valvate. 

 Stamens with distinct filaments. 



Capparidaceae in Order Papaverales. 143 

 Stamens with united filaments. Order MalvaleS. 208 



bb. Stamens few, not over twice as many as the petals. 

 Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. 

 Anther-sacs opening by hinged valves. 



Berberidaceae in Order Ranales. 131 

 Anther-sacs opening by slits. 

 Flowers monoecious. 



Euphorbiaceae in Order Geraniales. 192 

 Flowers perfect. 

 Stigmas or styles distinct. 



Portulacaceae in Order Chenopodiales. 118 

 Stigmas or styles wholly united. 



Plumbaginaceae in Order PrimulaleS. 243 

 Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or 

 more, sometimes twice as many. 

 Stamens 6 : petals 4 : sepals 2 or 4. 



Families in Order Papaverales. 143 

 Stamens, petals and sepals of the same number, or stamens 

 more, usually twice as many as the sepals and petals. 

 Ovary i-celled. 

 Ovules, or seeds, on basal or central placentae. 



Families in order Chenopodiales. 118 

 Ovules, or seeds, on parietal placentae. 

 Stigmas 2-cleft. 



Droseraceae in Order Sarraceniales. 157 

 Stigmas entire. 

 Stamens with united filaments and no staminodia. 



Families in Order Malvales. 208 

 Stamens with distinct filaments. 

 Staminodia present. 



Parnassiaceae in Order Rosales. 157 

 Staminodia wanting. 



Families in Order Parietales. 210 

 Ovary several-celled. 

 Stamens adnate to the gynoeciuril. 



Asclepiadaceae in Order Gentianales. 245 

 Stamens not adnate to the gynoecium. 

 Stamens with wholly or partly united filaments. 

 Anthers opening lengthwise. 



Families in Order Geraniales. 192 

 Anthers opening by pores. 



Polygalaceae in Order Geraniales. 192 

 Stamens with distinct filaments. 

 Anthers opening by pores. 



Families in Order Ericales. 235 



