RUBIACEAE 291 



B. Plants perennial. 

 Fruit bristly or becoming glabrous in G. boreale. 

 Leaves in whorls of 4. 

 Leaf-blades i-nerved. 4. G. pilosum. 



Leaf-blades 3-nerved. 

 Leaf-blades lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong. 

 Upper leaves with lanceolate blades. 5. G. lanceolatum. 



Upper leaves with oblong or ovate-lanceolate blades. 



6. G. circaezans. 

 Leaf-blades linear or linear-lanceolate. 7. G. boreale. 



Leaves in whorls of 6. ' 8. G. triflorum. 



Fruit smooth and glabrous. 

 Corolla brown-purple. g. G. latifolium. 



Corolla white, greenish or yellowish. 

 Endosperm of the seed annular in cross-section. 



Corolla-lobes 4, acute : stems smooth or nearly so. 10. G. tinclorium. 

 Corolla-lobes 3, obtuse : stems retrorsely hispid. 

 Leaves mostly in 4's : pedicels slender, rough. 11. G. trifidum. 

 Leaves mostly in 5's or 6's : pedicels stout, smooth. 



12. G. Claytonii. 

 Endosperm of the seed lunate in cross-section. 

 Stem smooth or essentially so. 13. G. concinnum. 



Stem retrorsely hispid. 14, G. asprellum. 



1. Gralium verum It. YEi,i,ow OR Lady's BedsTraw. (Man. p. 

 865 ; I. F. /. 3408.) In waste places and fields, Ont. to Mass., Pa. and 

 N. J. Adv. or nat. from Eu. — Pennsylvania : Bucks ; Phii,adei,phia. 



2. Galium MoUugo L. Wll,D Madder. (Man. p. 865; I. F. /. 

 34og.) In fields and waste places, Newf. to Vt., Pa., N. J. and Del. 

 Adv. or nat. from Eu. — Pennsylvania : Tioga ; Northampton ; Bucks. 



3. Galium Aparlne L. Ci<Eavers. Goosegrass. (Man. p. 865 ; I. 

 F. /. 3412.) In various situations, N. B. to S. Dak., Fla., Mo. and Tex. 

 Nat. from Eu. — Pennsylvania : Pike ; Northampton ; Bucks ; Phii,a- 

 DEivPHiA ; Dei,aware ; Chester ; Lancaster ; Frankun. 



4. Galium pilosum Ait. Hairy Bedstraw. (Man. p. 866 ; 1. F. /. 

 34rs.) In dry or sandy soil, Mass. to Ind., Kans., Fla. and Tex. — Penn- 

 sylvania : Pike ; Northampton ; Bucks ; Delavs^are ; Chester ; 

 Lancaster ; Frankwn ; Allegheny. 



5. Galium lanceolatum Torr. TorrEY's Wild LlQUORiCE. (Man. 

 p. 866 ; I. F. /. 34/6.) In dry woods, Quebec and Ont. to Minn., N. J., 

 Va., and Mich. — Pennsylvania : NoB.TSAMT'roN ; Bucks; Delaware; 

 Chester ; Lancaster ; Berks ; Luzerne ; Allegheny. 



6. Galium circaezans Michs. Wild Liquorice. (Man. p. 866 ; I. 

 F. /. 3417.) In woods, Quebec to Minn., Fla., Kans. and Tex. — Pennsyl- 

 vania : Northampton ; Bucks ; Philadelphia ; Chester ; Lancas- 

 ter; Franklin; Luzerne; Huntingdon; Allegheny. 



7. Galium boreale L. NORTHERN Bedstraw. (Man. p. 866 ; I. F. 

 /. 34ig.) In rocky soil or along streams, Quebec to Alaska, N. J., Pa., 



