22k 



Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 



July 1-15 

 Oxytropis arctobia 

 Parrya arctica 

 Eutrema Bdwardsii 

 Silene acaulis 

 Alopecurv,s alpiniis 

 CocKlean-ia groenlandica 

 Anemone parviflora (probably earlier). 

 Arctostaphylos alpina 

 Stellaria longipes, S. humifusa 

 Oxytropis campestris 

 Gaatilleja pallida 

 Artemisia hyperborea 

 Cassiope tetragona 

 Papaver nudicaule ' 



Plantago lanceolata 

 Astragaliis ahoriginorum 

 Besperia pallasii 

 CareoB spp. 



Eriophorum agustifolium 

 Ranunculus affmis 

 Equisetum arvense 

 Rhododendron lapponicum 

 Potentilla spp. 



INSECT LIFE 



Pedicularis spp. (arctica, etc.) 



Primula atricta 



Erigeron composit-us (probably 



earlier) . 

 Saxifraga triciispidata, S. decipiens 

 Lychnis apetala 

 Chrysanthemum integrifolium 

 Statice armeria (probably earlier) 

 Saxifraga hirculua, S. rivularis 

 Lychnis affinis 

 Taraxacum ceratophorum (probably 



earlier). 

 Halianthus peploidea 

 Androsace septentrionalis 

 Mertensia inaritima " 

 Salix reticulata 

 Arnica alpina 

 Draba nivalis 

 Antennaria alpina 

 Erigeron uniflorus 

 Senecio palustris 

 Cerastium alpinum 



Observations for Winters 1914-15 and 1916-16 



Insects are scarce in the neighbourhood of Bernard harbour from October to 

 April, inclusive. The best collecting places during the winter are under the 

 shingles — -mostly limestone — particularly upon peninsulas and points, where 

 various orange or olive-coloured collembola, besides small reddish mites {Bryobia 

 praetiosa), and the common small spiders are common. Of other insects only 

 small hemiptera, flies, staphylinid beetles, beetle-larvse, or caterpillars, and 

 occasionally a frozen tipulid larva were observed. 



No insects were seen on the wing, but parasitic insects, both the mallophaga 

 on the birds, and the fleas and lice on the mammals and Eskimos, were observed. 

 Most conspicuous, however, are the larvae of the bot-fly (Oedemagena tarandi) 

 in the caribou (Rangifer arcticus). In November, the grubs are about 1 mm. 

 long, and are found under the skin or in the muscles of their host. They were 

 about 2 mm. long and were encysted on the inner side of their host's skin and in 

 the muscles. The bigger ones had already perfected their emergence holes 

 through the skin and had their posterior end (spiracles) turned toward these 

 openings. 



The lakes and ponds contain a large amount of invertebrates during the 

 winter. The insects secured in these lakes were mainly midge larvae or pupse in 

 their mud-tubes {Tanytarsus sp.) the same stages of trichoptera, and other 

 neuropteroids, perlids, etc., probably are also present, besides water mites 

 (Lebertia porosa, etc.). 



The summer weather at Bernard harbour in 1916 began about the end of 

 May, but wintry weather predominated during the first half of June, with the 

 net result that insect and plant life was considerably retarded, though earlier 

 than in 1915. 



May 1-10, 1915 



Collembola, (Isotoma viridis, Entomobrya comparata, etc.), carabid {Lebia, sp. 

 etc.), and staphylinid beetles were noted. Empty hymenoptera cocoons were 

 very common under stones. These cocoons and the empty fly-puparia also 

 found under stones or among plants, are from the previous year, or still older. 



May 1-10, 1916 



Flies came out, but became numerous only with the warm weather. They 

 probably represent individuals which hibernated as adults. On patches free of 

 snow, caterpillars and smaller more occult living insects may be seen (PI. IX, 

 fig- D- 



