PRUPAGALLUN 17 
Grasses propagate themselves very largely, of course, by means 
of subterranean stems, and those species which creep extensively 
underground are usually characterized by a paucity of flowering 
stems. Another mode of perpetuation, but much less frequent, is 
by means of leafy buds which are produced on the spikelets in 
place of sexual organs; they eventually fall to the ground, and 
under favourable conditions strike root. These viviparous forms 
are usually found on mountains where meteorological conditions 
are adverse to the pollination of flowers. One of our lowland 
species, Cynosurus cristatus, may sometimes be seen in a vivi- 
parous state in meadows and pastures; it is of special interest in 
this connection, because the young plants are borne on the flower- 
less spikelets. 
H. G. Cc 
