UPLANDS, HEATHS AND MOORS ay 
exceeding the apex; palea absent. Perennial, flowering July, 
August. 
Koeleria cristata, the Crested Hair-grass, is not unfrequent 
throughout Britain on chalk downs, commons and dry, rocky 
pastures, both at a considerable elevation and near the coast. 
Rootstock tufted. Leaves narrow, with a few well-marked ribs, 
ultimately involute, dull-green. Culms 6-12 inches. Panicle 
spike-like with very short branches, slightly interrupted in the lower 
part. Spikelets $ inch or rather more in length, compressed, 
silvery-green, with a faint purple tinge, 2- or 3-flowered ; empty 
glumes rather shorter than the flowering ones, the latter mucronate, 
ee with a green, scabrid keel. Perennial, flowering middle 
of July. 
Sesleria carulea, the Blue Moor-grass (fig. 21), grows in the 
mountainous pastures of limestone districts, very often on the 
outcropping rock. Northern counties of England, west of Ireland, 
Scotch Highlands. In Durham county 
it descends to the coast. Rootstock 
tufted ; leaves flat, narrowly linear, tipped 
with a mucro, scabrid on the margins, 
rather stiff, purplish-green. Culms 6-12 
inches high, with the uppermost leaf only 
half aninch long. Panicle dense, ovoid 
or shortly oblong, scarcely an inch in 
length, dark-blue and silvery-grey, with a 
few bracts or empty glumes at its base, 
sheathing the pedicels. Spikelets $ inch 
long, almost sessile, 2- or 3-flowered ; 
glumes mucronate, the flowering ones 
with 5 nerves, 3 or all excurrent, forming 
short setz or bristles. Perennial, flower- 
ing in May. 
Fic. 21.—Sesleria caerulea: 
: : ro o@ capitate inflorescence ; ba 
Agrostis setacea,the Bristle-leaved Bent, spikelet enlarged, showing two 
is abundant on dry heaths, commons and #owering glumes. 
downs, especially towards the coast ; but 
it is confined to the southern half of England. Its dense tufts of 
stiff, setaceous, almost capillary leaves, and the close cylindric 
panicle—the branches being very short—distinguish it from the 
other Bent-grasses. Sheaths scabrid. Culms 9-12 inches. Spike- 
lets } inch long, 1-flowered; empty glumes acute, awnless ; 
flowering glume with a kneed and twisted swé-basal awn twice its 
length, two tufts of short hairs at the base, and two minute setz 
(formed by the slightly excurrent lateral nerves) at the tip; palea 
very minute. A microscope is necessary for the examination of 
the flowering glume ; the two setz, for example, are shorter than 
zip inch. Perennial, flowering July. : ' 
Agrostis vulgaris, var. pumila, is a dwarf form 1-4 inches high, 
growing in very dry places in hilly districts; the branches of the 
panicle are stouter, and empty glumes broader, than in the typical 
species ; flowering glumes usually awned. 
