Igor DISEASES OF THE HOKSE. 



■uhere the horse has suffered exposure, been overworked, or has not 

 received proper feed, and, as a consequence, has become debilitated. 

 It may occur as a sequel to influenza. 



Other but less frequent causes for this affection are : Fractures of 

 the bones that involve the membrane of the sinuses, and even blows 

 on the head over the sinuses. Diseased teeth often involve a sinus 

 and cause a fetid discharge from the nostril. Violent coughing is 

 said to have forced particles, of feed into the sinus, which acted as a 

 cause of the disease. Tumors growing in the sinuses are known to 

 have caused it. It is also attributed to disease of the turbinated 

 bones. Absorption of the bones forming the walls of the sinuses has 

 been caused by the pressure of pus collecting in them and by tumors 

 filling up the cavity. 



Symptcmis. — Great caution must be exercised when examining these 

 cases, for the horse may have glanders, while, on the other hand, 

 horses have been condemned as glandered when really there was 

 nothing ailing them but nasal gleet. This is not contagious, but may 

 stubbornly resist treatment and last for a long time. In most cases 

 the discharge is from one nostril only, which may signify that the 

 sinuses on that side of the head are affected. The discharge may 

 be intermittent; that is, quantities may be discharged at times arid 

 again little or none for a day or so. Such an intermittent discharge 

 usually signifies disease of the sinuses. The glands under and be- 

 tween the bones of the lower jaw may be enlarged. The peculiar 

 ragged-edged ulcer of glanders is not to be found on the membrane 

 Avithin the nostrils, but occasionally sores are to be seen there. If 

 there is any doubt about it, the symptoms of glanders should be well 

 studied in order that one may be competent to form a safe opinion. 



The eye on the side of the discharging nostril may have a peculiar 

 appearance and look smaller than its fellow. There may be an en- 

 largement, having the appearance of a bulging out of the bone over 

 the part affected, between or below the eyes. The breath may be 

 offensive, which indicates decomposition of the matter or bones or 

 disease of the teeth. A diseased tooth is further indicated by the 

 horse holding his head to one side when eating, or by dropping the 

 feed from the mouth after partly chewing it. When the bones 

 between the eyes, below the eyes, and above the back teeth of the 

 upper jaw are tapped on, a hollow, drumlike sound is emitted, but 

 if the sinus is filled with pus or contains a large -tumor the sound 

 emitted will be the same as if a solid substance were struck ; by this 

 means the sinus affected may be located in some instances. The hair 

 may be rough over the affected part, or even the bone may be soft to 

 the touch and the part give somewhat to pressure or leave an im- 

 pression where it is pressed upon with the finger. 



