DISEASES OP THE GENERATIVE OEGANS. 197 



ABNORMAL PRESENTATIONS. 



(Pis. XV-XVIII.) 



Abnormal presentations may be tabulated as follows: 



Fore limbs. 



Anterior pres-_ 

 entationB. ' 



Posterior pres- 

 entationB. 



Head. 



Incompletely extended. Flexor tendons shorts 

 ened. 



Crossed over the neck. 



Bent back at tbe knee. 



Bent back from the shoulder. 



Bent downward on the neck. 



Head and neck turned back beneath the breast. 



Turned to one side. 



Turned upward and backward on the back. 



Hind limbs Bind feet engaged in the pel\ds. 



Transverse. ... Back of foal to side of pelvis. 



Inverted Back of foal to floor of pelvis. 



Hind limbs |§«^i on i^elf at the hock. 



^^ IB ent at the hip. 



Transverse Back of foal to side of pelvis. 



Inverted Back of foal to floor of pelvis. 



Transverse presentation of body. . . .{^jt^ back and k^nsp^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ 



FoBE LIMBS INCOMPLETELY EXTENDED. — In cases of this kind, not 

 only are the back tendons behind the knee and shank bone unduly 

 short, but the sinew extending from the front of the shoulder blade 

 over the front of the elbow and down to the head of the shank bone 

 is also shortened. The result is that the fore limb is bent at the knee 

 and the elbow is also rigidly bent. The condition obstructs parturi- 

 tion by the feet becoming pressed against the floor of the pelvis or 

 by the elbow pressing on its anterior brim. Relief is to be obtained 

 by forcible extension. A rope with a running noose is passed around 

 each fetlock and a repeller (see Plate XIV) planted in the breast 

 is pressed in a direction upward and backward while active traction 

 is made on the ropes. If the feet are not thereby raised from the 

 floor of the pelvis the palm of the hand may be placed beneath them 

 to protect the mucous membrane until they have advanced suffi- 

 ciently to obviate this danger. In the absence of a repeller, a smooth 

 rounded fork handle may be employed. If the shortening is too 

 great to allow of the extension of the limbs in this way, the tense 

 tendons may be cut across behind the shank bone and in front of 

 the elbow, and the limb will be easily straightened out. This is 

 most easily done with an embryotomy knife furnished with a ring 

 for the middle finger, so that the blade may be protected in the 

 palm of the hand. (See Plate XIII, fig. 4.) 



FoEE LIMB CROSSED OVER BACK OF NECK. — With the long foTC limbs 

 of the foal this readily occurs, and the resulting increase in thickness, 

 both at the head and shoulder, offers a serious obstacle to progress. 

 (See Plate XV, fig. 2.) The hand introduced into the passage de- 

 tects the head and one fore foot, and farther back on the same side 

 of the head the second foot, from which the limb may be traced 

 obliquely across the back of the neck. 



