DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE OEGANS. 199 



If the labor has been long in progress and the fetus is jammed into 

 the pelvis, the womb emptied of the waters, and firmly contracted on 

 its solid contents, the case is incomparably more difficult. The mare 

 may be chloroformed and turned on her back with hind parts ele- 

 vated, and the womb may be injected with sweet oil. Then, if the 

 ear can be reached, the correction of the malpresentation may be at- 

 tempted as above described. Should this fail, one or more sharp 

 hooks may be inserted in the neck as near the head as can be reached, 

 and ropes attached to these may be dragged on, while the body of the 

 foal is pushed back by the fore limbs or by a repeller. Such repul- 

 sion should be made in a direction obliquely upward toward the loins 

 of the mother, so as to rotate the fetus in such a way as to bring the 

 head up. As this is accomplished a hold sliould be secured nearer 

 and nearer to the nose, with hand or hook, until the head can be 

 straightened out on the neck. 



All means failing, it becomes necessary to remove the fore limbs 

 (embryotomy) so as to make more space for bringing up the head. 

 If, even then, this can not be accomplished, it may be possible to 

 push the body backward and upward with the repeller until the hind 

 limbs are brought to the passage, when they may be noosed and- 

 delivery effected with the posterior presentation. 



Head tuened on shoulders. — ^In this case the fore feet present, 

 and the oiled hand passed along the fore arms in search of the missing 

 head finds the side of the neck turned to one side, the head being per- 

 haps entirely out of reach. (Plate XVIII, fig. 1.) To bring the head 

 forward it may be desirable to lay the mare on the side opposite to 

 that to which the head is turned, and even to give chloroform or 

 ether. Then the feet being noosed, the body of the fetus is pushed 

 by the hand or repeller forward and to the side opposite to that 

 occupied by the head until the head comes within reach, near the 

 entrance of the pelvis. If such displacement of the fetus is difficult, 

 it may be facilitated by a free use of oil or lard. When the nose 

 can be seized it can be brought into the passage, as when the head is 

 turned down. If it can not be reached, the orbit may be availed of to 

 draw the head forward .until the nose can be seized or the lower jaw 

 noosed. In very difficult cases a rope may be passed around the neck 

 by the hand or with the aid of a curved carrier (Plate XIV), and 

 traction may be made upon this while the body is being rotated to 

 the other side. In the same way in bad cases a hook may be fixed in 

 the orbit or even between the bones of the lower jaw to assist in 

 bringing the head up into position. Should all fail, the amputation 

 of the fore limbs may be resorted to, as advised under the last 

 heading. 



Head turned upward on back. — ^This differs from the last mal- 

 presentation only in the direction of the head, which has to be sought 



