314 DISEASES OF THE HOESE. 



covery, their form when near the fetlock usually varying too much 

 from the natural outlines of the part when compared with those of 

 the opposite side to admit of error in the matter. (See also page 439.) 



A ringbone, when on the front of the foot, even when not very 

 largely developed, assumes the form of a diffused convex swelling. 

 If situated on the lower part, it will form a thick ring,, encircling 

 that portion of the foot immediately above the hoof ; when found on 

 the posterior part, a small, sharp osseous growth somewhat project- 

 ing, sometimes on the inside and sometimes on the outside of the 

 coronet, may comprise the entire manifestation. 



Cause. — As with splints, ringbones may result from severe labor in 

 early life, before the process of ossification has been fully perfected; 

 or they may be referred to bruises, blows, sprains, or other violence; 

 injuries of tendons, ligaments, or joints also may be among the 

 accountable causes. 



It is certain that they may commonly be traced to diseases and 

 traumatic lesions of the foot, and their appearance may be reason- 

 ably expected among the sequalse of an abscess of the coronet; or 

 the cause may be a severe contusion resulting from calMng, or a 

 deep-punctured wound from picking up a nail or stepping upon 

 any hard object of sufficiently irregular form to penetrate the sole. 



Moreover, a ringbone may originate in heredity. This is a fact 

 of no little importance in its relation to questions connected with 

 the extensive interests of the stock breeder and purchaser. 



That the hereditary transmission of constitutional idiosyncrasies 

 is an active cause with regard to diseases in general, it would be 

 absurd to assert, but we do say that a predisposition to contract 

 ringbone through faulty conformation, such as long, thin pasterns 

 with narrow joints and steep fetlocks, may be inherited in many 

 cases, and in a smaller proportion of cases this predisposition may 

 act as a secondary cause in the formation of ringbone. 



The importance of this point when considered in reference to the 

 policy which should be observed in the selection of breeding stock 

 is obvious, and, as the, whole matter is within the control of the 

 owners and breeders, it will be their own fault if the unchecked 

 transmission of ringbones from one equine generation to another is 

 allowed to continue. It is our belief that among the diseases which 

 are known for their tendency to perpetuate and repeat themselves 

 by individual succession, those of the \>ovqj structures stand first, 

 and the inference from such fact which would exclude every ani- 

 mal of doubtful soundness in its osseous apparatus from the stud list 

 and the brood farm is too plain for argument. 



Symptoms. — Periostitis of the phalanges is an ailment requiring 

 careful exploration and minute inspection for its discovery, and is 

 very liable to result in a ringbone of which lameness is the result. 



