lameness: its causes and treatmekt. 369 



action in tlie suspensory muscles. There are often heat, pain, and 

 swelling in the muscular mass at the elbow, though at times a 

 hollow, or depression, may be observed near the posterior border of 

 the scapula, which is probably the seat of injury. 



These hurts are of various degrees of importance, varying from 

 mere minor casualties of quick recovery to lesions which are of suffi- 

 cient severity to render an animal useless and valueless for life. 



Treatment. — ^The prime elements of treatment, which should be 

 strictly observed, are rest and quiet. Prescriptions of all kinds, of 

 course, have their advocates. Among them are ether, chloroform, 

 camphor, alcoholic frictions, warm fomentations, blisters, setons, etc. 

 Unless the conclusions of experience are to be ignored, my own 

 judgment is decisive in favor of rest, judiciously applied, however, 

 and my view of what constitutes a judicious application of rest has 

 been more than once presented in these pages. There are degrees of 

 this rest. One contemplates simple immobility in a narrow stall. 

 Another means the enforced mobility of the slings and a narrow stall 

 as well. Another a box stall, with ample latitude as to posture and 

 space, and option to stand or lie down. As wide as this range may 

 appear to be, radical recovery has occurred under all of these 

 modified forms of letting our patients done. 



HIP LAMENESS. 



The etiology of injuries and diseases of the hip is one and the 

 same with that of the shoulder. The same causes operate and the 

 same results follow. The only essential change, with an important 

 exception, which would be necessary in passing from one region to 

 the other in a description of its anatomy, its physiology, and its 

 pathology would be a substitution of anatomical names in reference 

 to certain bones, articulations, muscles, ligaments, and membranes 

 concerned in the injuries and diseases described. It would be only 

 a useless repetition to cover again the ground over which we have so 

 recently passed in recital of the manner in which certain forms of 

 external violence (falls, blows, kicks, etc.) result in other certain 

 forms of lesion (luxation, fracture, periostitis, ostitis, etc.), and to 

 recapitulate the items of treatment and the names of the medica- 

 ments proper to use. The same rules of diagnosis and the same indi- 

 cations and prognosis are applicable equally to every portion of 

 the organism, with only such modifications in applying dressings and 

 apparatus as may be required by differences of conformation and 

 other minor circumstances, which must suggest themselves to the 

 judgment of every experienced observer when the occasion arrives 

 for its exercise. 



36444°— 16 2i 



