516 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 



first we find a decided constipation; the droppings if passed are 

 small and hard, coated with a viscous varnish or even with false 

 membranes. In from 36 to 40 hours the constipation is followed 

 by diarrhea. The alimentary discharge becomes mixed with a sero- 

 mucous exudation, which is followed by a certain amount of sup- 

 purative matter. The animal becomes rapidly exhausted and un- 

 stable, staggers on movement, losing the little appetite which may 

 have remained, and has exacerbations of fever. Th6 pulse becomes 

 softer and weaker, the respiration becomes gradually more rapid, 

 the temperature is about 1° to 1.5° F. higher. If a fatal result is 

 not produced by the extensive diarrhea the discharge is arrested in 

 from 5 to 10 days and a rapid recovery takes place. 



Gomplieation of the lungs. — If at any time during the course of the 

 fever the animal is exposed to cold or di'af ts of air, or in any other 

 way to the causes of repercussion, the lungs may become affected. In 

 the majority of cases, however, after three, four, or five days of the 

 fever, congestion of the lungs commences without any exposure or 

 apparent exciting cause. Unless this congestion of the lungs is 

 soon relieved it is followed by an inflammation constituting pneumo- 

 nia. This pneumonia, while it is in its essence the same, differs from 

 an ordinary pneumonia at the commencement by an insidious course. 

 The animal commences to breathe heavily, which is distinctly visible 

 in the heaving of the flanks, the dilatation of the nostrils, and fre- 

 quently in the swaying movement of the unsteady body. The res- 

 pirations increase in number, what little appetite remained is lost, 

 the temperature increases from 1° to 2°, the pulse becomes more 

 rapid, and at times, for a short period, more tense and full, but the 

 previous poisoning of the specific disease has so weakened the tissues 

 that it never becomes the characteristic full, tense pulse of a simple 

 pneumonia. 



On percussion of the chest dullness is found over the inflamed 

 areas ; on auscultation at the base of the neck over the trachea a tubu- 

 lar murmur is heard. The crepitant rales and tubular murmurs of 

 pneumonia are heard on the sides of the chest if the, pneumonia is 

 peripheral, but in pneumonia complicating influenza the inflamed 

 portions are frequently disseminated in islands of variable size and 

 are sometimes deep-seated, in which case the characteristic auscultory 

 symptoms are sometimes wanting. From this time on the symptoms 

 of the animal are those of an ordinary grave pneumonia, rendered 

 more severe by occurring in a debilitated animal. The cough is at 

 first hacky and aborted; later, more full and moist. There is dis- 

 charge from the nostrils, which may be mucopurulent, purulent, or 

 hemorrhagic. As in simple pneumonia, in the outset this discharge 

 may be " rusty," owing to capillary hemorrhages. We find that the 



