INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 621 



Founder occurring as a complication of influenza is difficult to treat. 

 It is, unfortunately, frequently not recognized until inflammatory 

 changes have gone on for several days. If recognized at once, local 

 bleeding and the use of hot or cold water, as the condition of the ani- 

 mal may permit, are most useful, but in the majority of cases the 

 stupefied animal is unable to be moved satisfactorily or to have one 

 foot lifted for local treatment; the only treatment consists in local 

 bleeding above the coronary bands and the application of poultices. 



During convalescence small doses of alkalines may be kept up for a 

 short time, but the greatest care must be used, while furnishing the 

 animal with plenty of nutritious, easily digestible feed, not to over- 

 lead the intestinal tract, causing constipation and consequent diar- 

 rhea. Special care must be -taken for several weeks not to expose the 

 animal to cold. 



Prevention. — In order to prevent the introduction of the disease it 

 is advisable to isolate newly purchased animals for at least a week. 

 Further, the stabling of healthy horses in sales and feed stables 

 should also be guarded against. At the beginning of an outbreak the 

 disease may be checked by immediate isolation of the affected horses, 

 by taking the temperatures of the healthy animals, and by the segre- 

 gation of those showing a marked elevation. 



Bacterial vaccines are now being prepared for the prevention of this 

 disease and also for its cure, but to date the results are not convincing 

 as to the beneficial action of these products. Since the cause of the 

 disease has not yet been satisfactorily determined it is difficult to 

 conceive how inununity could be produced with the aid of the germs 

 which enter into the preparation of these products. The reports 

 would indicate, however, that vaccines exert a favorable influence 

 upon the course of the disease, probably preventing severe complica- 

 tions which under ordinary conditions are the principal factors in 

 determining the severity of the outbreak. 



CONTAGIOUS PNEUMONIA. 



Synowyms. — Edematous pneumonia ; stable pneumonia ; equine pleuropneu- 

 monia ; influenza pectoralis equorum ; pleuropneumonia ; influenzal pneumonia ; 

 Brustseuche (German). 



Contagious pleuropnuemonia is an acute contagious disease of 

 horses manifesting itself either as a croupous pneumonia or a pleuro- 

 pneumonia with complications in the form of serous infiltrations of 

 the subcutaneous tissues and tendons. 



Etiology. — Investigators of this disease incriminated various kinds 

 of microorganisms as the cause of this affection. Transmission ex- 

 periments were usually negative with these organisms. This was also 

 the case in attempts to transmit the disease by feeding with affected 

 parts of the lungs, intestinal contents, and nasal discharge; like- 



