INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 553 



not separated from the skin and subcutaneous connective tissues 

 found in strangles, in laryngitis, and in other simple inflammatory 

 troubles. 



These glands bear a great resemblance to the indurated, glands 

 which we find in connection with the collection of pus in the sinuses ; 

 but in the latter disease the glands have not the extreme nodulated 

 feel which they have in glanders. With the glands we find indurated 

 cords, feeling like balls of tangled wire or twine, fastening the glands 

 together. 



The essential symptoms of glanders are the nodule, the chancre, 

 the glands, and the discharge. With the development of the nodules 

 in the respiratory tract, according to their number and the amount 

 of eruption which they cause, we may find a cough which resembles 

 that of a coryza, a laryngitis, a bronchitis, or a broncho-pneumonia, 

 according to the location of the lesions. In chronic glanders we find 

 the same accessory symptoms that occur in chronic farcy, the hemor- 

 rhage of the nose, the swelling of the legs, the chronic cough, and, in 

 the entire horse, the swelling of the testicles. 



On healing, the chancres on the mucous membranes leave small, 

 whitish, star-shaped scars, hard and indurated to the touch, and 

 which remain for almost an indefinite time. The chancres heal and 

 the other local symptoms disappear, with the exception of the en- 

 largement of the glands, and we find these so diminished in size that 

 they are scarcely perceptible on examination. During the subacute 

 attacks, with a minimum quantity of local troubles, in .chronic glan- 

 ders and in chronic farcy the animal rarely shows any degree of fever, 

 but does have a generally depraved appearance ; it loses flesh and be- 

 comes hidebound ; the skin becomes dry and the hairs stand on end. 

 There is a cachexia, however, which resembles greatly that of any 

 chronic, organic trouble, but is not diagnostic, although it has in it 

 certain appearances and conditions which often render the animal 

 suspicious to the eye of the expert veterinarian, while without the 

 presence of local lesions he would be unable to state on what he has 

 based his opinion. 



ACUTE GLANDERS. 



Symptoms. — In the acute form of glanders we find the symptoms 

 which we have just studied in chronic farcy and in chronic glan- 

 ders in a more acute and aggravated form. There is a rapid outbreak 

 of nodules in the respiratory tract which rapidly degenerate into 

 chancres and pour out a considerable discharge from the nostrils. 

 There, is a cough of more or less severity according to the amount and 

 site of the local eruption. Over the surface of the body swellings 

 occur which are rapidly followed by farcy buttons, which break into 

 ulcers; we find the indurated cords and enlargement of the lym- 

 phatics. 



