INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 555 



case, too, for a few days the submaxillary space may so swell as to 

 resemble the edematous, inflamed glands of strangles, equine variola, 

 or laryngitis. This condition is especially liable to be marked in an 

 acute outbreak of glanders in a drove of mules. 



Cases of chronic farcy and glanders, if not destroyed, may live in 

 a depraved condition until the animal dies from general emaciation 

 and anemia, but in the majority of cases, from some sudden exposure 

 to cold, it develops an acute pneumonia or other simple inflammatory 

 trouble which starts the latent disease and the animal has acute 

 glanders. 



In the ass, mule, and plethoric horses acute glanders usually termi- 

 nates by lobular pneumonia. In other cases the general symptoms 

 may subside. The symptoms of pneumonia gradually disappear, the 

 temperature lowers, the pulse becomes slower, the ulcers heal, leaving 

 small, indurated cicatrices, and the animal may return to apparent 

 health, or may at least be able to do a small amount of work with but 

 a few symptoms of the disease remaining in a chronic form. During 

 the attack of acute glanders the inflammation of the nasal Cavities 

 frequently spreads into the sinuses or air cells, which are found in the 

 forehead and in front of the eyes on either side of the face, and causes 

 abscesses of these cavities, which may remain as the only visible symp- 

 tom of the disease. An animal which has recovered from a case of 

 acute glanders, like the animals which are affected by chronic gland- 

 ers and chronic farcy, is liable to bei affected with emphysema of the 

 lungs (heaves), and to have a chronic cough. In this condition it 

 may continue for a long period, serving as a dangerous source of con- 

 tagion, the more so because the slight quantity of discharge does not 

 serve as a warning to the owner or driver as profuse discharge does 

 in the more acute cases. 



At the post-mortem, examination of an animal which has been de- 

 stroyed or has died of glanders we find evidences of the various 

 lesions which we have studied in the symptoms. In addition to this, 

 we find nodules similar to those which we have seen on the exterior 

 throughout the various organs of the body. Nodules may be found 

 in the liver, in the spleen, and in the kidneys. We may find inflam- 

 mation of the periosteum of the bones, and we have excessive altera- 

 tions in the marrow in the interior of the bones themselves. Both 

 these conditions during the life of the animal may have been the 

 cause of the lamenesses which were difficult to diagnose. 



In one case which came under the observation of the writer, a lame 

 horse was destroyed and found to have a large abscess of the bone of 

 the arm, with old nodules of the lungs. When an animal has died 

 , immediately after an attack of a primary, acute case of glanders, we 

 find small V-shaped spots of acute pneumonia in the lungs. If the 

 animal has made an apparent recovery from acute glanders, and in 



