440 



INDEX 



Eggs — Continued. 



243, 244; of Forked- tail Katydid, 

 334, 336 ; of Fowler 's toad, 258 ; 

 of Gall-producing aphid, 50; of 

 Goldfinch, 227, 228; Green-legged 

 locust, 406; Green meadow grass- 

 hopper, 195, 201-204, 428; Green- 

 striped locust, 410; Grouse lo- 

 cust, 413, 414; Jug-making wasp, 

 206; Jumping spider, 192; Katy- 

 did, 104, 105; Monarch butterfly, 

 120, 122, 126; Painted-lady but- 

 terfly, 139, 140; Paratettix, 414; 

 Phoebe, 232, 233; Polyphemus 

 moth, 62, 63; Eose-chafer, 219, 

 220; Short-.horned locust, 405; 

 Sprinkled locust, 347-350 ; Striped 

 meadow cricket, 382, 384-386, 

 429; Swallow-tail butterfly, 145; 

 Taehina fly, 352 ; of Tetrix, 414 ; 

 Tettigians, 414; of Texan katy- 

 dids, 330, 331; Thalessa, 13; 

 Thread-legged bug, 106; Tree- 

 toad, 75 ; of Turtle, 295 ; of Two- 

 striped locust, 358, 359 ; of Varied 

 wing locust, 352; of Viceroy but- 

 terfly, 120, 122, 126; of Walking 

 stick, 76, 82; of Whip-poor-will, 

 248 ; of White-footed mud-dauber, 

 210-212. 



Eimer, on inheritance of acquired 

 characteristics, 16, 18. 



Elderberries, 29, 32, 294, 332. 



Elm, winged seeds of, 28. 



Environment, a factor in evolution, 

 17. 



Environmental interpretation of, or 

 Ecology, 317-418; complexus, 

 classified, 430-433. 



Eupelmus, parasitic Hymenoptera, 

 92, 163. 



Euvanessa antiopa, 344. 



Evening primrose, as a spider trap, 

 182-186; mutation in, 13, 14. 



Evolution, books on, note 14; 

 factors of, 7; general discussion, 

 3-24. 



Excrement of birds, resemblance to, 

 by Cresphontes caterpillar, 94-98; 

 150-152 ; by Acontia moth, 94. 



Existence, struggle for, 6-11. 



Eyed-elater beetle (Alaus oculatis), 

 301-303. 



Fabre, on the Sphex wasp, 199. 

 Fauna, origin of, 317, 318. 

 Fen, definition of, 431. 



Fence row, definition of, 432. 



Fertilization, 30-34; of butterfly 

 weed, 40, 41 ; of mullein, 130-133. 



Field, definition of, 432. 



Field grasshopper (Oroheliinum 

 campestre), 428. 



Field-sparrj)w, habits, 265-267, 310; 

 nest of, ;243, 244, 266, 310. 



Fish, Black-nosed dace (Notropis 

 megalops), 284, 285; Ked-bellied 

 minnows, 284, 285. 



Fisher, on hawks and owls, 314. 



Fleabane, 59, 276, 379. 



Flicker or high-hole, 310. 



Flora, origin of, 317. 



Flower beetle (Euphoria inda), 

 mimicry of, 107-109, 128. 



Flowers, adaptation to insects, 30- 

 33; form and color of, 30, 33, 48. 



Fly, Drone (Eristalis tenax), 132; 

 Horse (Tabanus atratus), 132, 

 215; Robber (Dasyllis sacrata), 

 20, 127-129, 131, 178, 324; Sand- 

 loving (Stichopogon trifasciata), 

 327; Syrphus, 130-133, 215; Ta- 

 ehina, 114, 352, 353. 



Pood of birds, 124, 128, 216, 308- 

 314. 



Forbes, on food of birds, 314; on 

 Hermit thrush, 311, 312. 



Porcepcd earwig (Forficula acu- 

 leata), 425. 



Forces, physical, 286, 288. 



Forest, definition of, 431; dry, defi- 

 nition of, 432. 



Forest or nature preserves, neces- 

 sity of, for nature study, 272. 



Fork-tailed Katydid (Scudderia fur- 

 cata), 292, 302, 326, 334-336, 428. 



Four-spotted shrub cricket (Oecan- 

 tJius quadripunciatus ) , 326, 328, 

 392, 429. 



Fowler's toad, habits of, 256-259, 

 297. 



" Frequency polygon," 18, 19. 



Freshet, definition of, 430. 



Frog, Bull (Sana catisbiana) , habi- 

 tat, 300. 



Frog, pursued by blue racer, 230. 



Fruit, origin and antiquity, 29, 30. 



Fungus (Empusa grilli), 345, 347. 



Gadow, on mimicry, 118. 

 Galloway, diagram of descent of 



animals, 6. 

 Galls, on witch-hazel, 50-54. 

 Galton, quoted, 118. 



