504 



ZOOLOGY 



the internal division of tlie ooelome by means of septa is complete. Parapodia 

 and set;e are absent, but tlie prostominm bears a pair of tentacles (i). Several 

 pairs of simple nephridia are present. The position of the nervous system 

 (Fig. 401) is more primitive than in the Annulata in general ; it is continuous 

 with the epidermis, and not separated from it by mesodermal elements as in 

 most of the others. A pair of ciliated grooves (c. p. ') are probably to be looked 

 upon as organs of special sense. 



Tlie family PolyijonUidn' includes two genera — Polyi/ofdim and Pivlodii/ioi. 

 There are a pair of prostomial tentacles, long in Protodrilus, short in Polygor- 

 diiis, and a pair of ciliated pits. The segmentation is only very indistinctly 

 marked externally in Protodrilus by circlets of 

 cilia ; in Polygordius it is indistinct in front, but 

 better marked behind. In Polygordius Incteiis a 

 series of tooth-like processes occur rouiid the anus, 

 and in front a circlet of adhesive papillae. In 

 Protodrilus there is a ventral ciliated groove. 

 There is a vascular system with dorsal and 



B.V 



I>€f:E/tit}un 



KjVi'. Cd CxLEplfun' 



Fi':. 400.— Protodrilus, en- 

 tire animal. //'/. intestine ; 

 inuit. fy. Tiiuscular append- 

 age of tusophagns ; oen. (e.=5o- 

 plmgu.s. (After Hatschek.) 



Firj. 401. — Polygordius neapolitanus^ transverse 

 section of a male specimen. C'osl. Epthm. parietal layer 

 of cielomic epithelinm ; Cud. Epthm.' visceral or 

 sfilanclinic layer of the same; Cu. cuticle; Der. 

 7<i>f!n/i. derle epithelium; 3. V. dorsal vessel ; ]:>it. 

 Jili!ln,i. enteric epithelium; M, f^l musclc-platcs ; 

 0. M. oblique muscles ; Sy"/, immature f^onads ; 

 r. Nr. t'(?. ventral nerve cord continuous with dcric 

 epithelium ; K. V. ventral vessel. (From Parlcer's 

 Biology, after Fraipont.) 



ventral longitudinal vessels. In each segment is a pair of simple nephridia. 

 In Protodrilus there are two ventral nerve-cords, connected together by trans- 

 verse commissures : in Polygordius the cord (Fig. 401, V. Xi\ Cd) is single ; 

 in neither genus is there any trace of ganglia. The sexes are united in most 

 individuals of Protodrilus, ovaries occurring in all the first seven segments and 

 testes in some of those immediately following. In Polygordius the sexes are 

 separate; the ovaries or testes (Fig. 401, Spy) are developed in the posterior 

 segments. There are no special reproductive ducts. 



The larva of Polygordius is a typical trochophore (Fig. 4ir2), and its meta- 

 morphosis into the adult worm (Fig. 403) takes place as in the Polychieta in all 

 essential respects. 



Cteiioih-iln.-i resembles Polygordius in the ectodermal position of the nervous 



