XI PHYLl'M ARTHROPODA 569 



are both large ; the former are not sunk in pits, and the antennae 

 usually have a scale-like exopodite (sqiiame). 



Included among the Macrura are («) swimming forms — Pen/rus 

 and Pahvmon (Prawns), Crangon (Shrimps), Litcifer, etc. ; and (6) 

 creeping forms — ffom.arus (Lobster), Astacus, Astacopsis, Para- 

 nephrops, C'ambarus (Fresh-water Crayfishes), Pahnnrus (Rock- 

 lobsters), Scyllants, etc. (Figs. 465, 466). 



Suh-order 2. — Anomura. 



Decapoda with the abdomen more or less reduced, usuallj- held 

 in a flexed position, and not provided with such a well-developed 

 tail-fin as in the Macrura. 



In most respects the Anomura are intermediate between the 

 Macrura and the Brachyura. Examples are the Hermit-crabs — 

 Pagiirus (Fig. 467), and other genera, the Cocoa-nut crab — Birgus 

 — Galathca, Hippa, Porcellana, etc. . 



Sub-order 3. — Brachyura. 



Decapoda in which the abdomen is greatly reduced, shorter 

 than the cephalothorax, and permanently flexed beneath it. The 

 antennules and the eyes are both capable of being retracted 

 into cavities. There is a metamorphosis comprising ztayi and 

 megalopa stages. 



Including the true Crabs such as Cancer, Main, Gr(tpsus, etc. 

 (Figs. 468, 469). 



Division 4. — Hoplocarida. 



Malacostraca in which the carapace does not coalesce with 

 at least the last four thoracic segments, so that the cephalothorax 

 is relatively short. In front of the head proper are two movable 

 segments, one bearing the stalked eyes, the other the antennules. 

 The branchias are borne on the abdominal appendages. The 

 heart is elongated. There is a metamorphosis, but a nauplius 

 stage is not known to occur. 



Order Stomatopoda. 



This, the only order of Hoplocarida, includes SqiuUci (Fig. 470), 

 Gonodactylus, and other genera. 



Sytematic Position of the Examples. 



The genera Apus and Lepidariis belong to the family Apcdidee 

 of the order Notostraca of the sub -class Branchiopoda. 



The foliaceous character of the swimming-feet is alone sufficient 

 to assign them to the Branchiopoda, and the large number of seg- 



