r,72 ZOOLOGY sect. 



paired eyes {E) have fused into a single organ, which exhibits 

 a contstant trembling movement. The antennules {ant. 1) 

 are small, the antennas {ant. 2) very large, biramous, and con- 

 stitute the chief organs of locomotion. The mandibles are large, 

 the second maxillte absent in the adult, and there are usually 

 five pairs of leaf-like swimming-feet (/) on the thorax. The 

 abdomen is devoid of appendages. Many of the Cladocera have 

 an extraordinarily grotesque form (2, 3), owing to the peculiar 



i:. 44fl.— Three Cladocera. aiit. 1, anteniiule ; a-/>t. 2, antenna ; br. brain ; hy.'p. broorl-pouch ; 

 E. eye ; d.ql. diKestive gl,ind ; f. swimming-feet ; hi. heart ; nul. mandible ; sh.nl. .shell- 

 gland. (1 after Clau.s, •; and 8 after Gerstaeoker.) 



shape of the head, the immense antennee, and the great hump-like 

 brood-pouch. 



The O.dracoda are usually not more than 1-2 mm. in length, 

 and are found both in fresh and sea-water. One of the commonest 

 genera is Gypris, which occurs in immense numbers in stagnant 

 pools. Gythcre is a common marine form. 



The body (Fig. 450) is unsegmented, and is completely enclosed 

 in a carapace (A), the right and left halves of which are articu- 

 lated together along the dorsal edge so as to form a bivalved shell 

 (C), which may be variously ornamented or sculptured. The 

 valves are opened by the elasticity of a ligament, which passes 



