Other Leaf-Rollers 
the castaway of the torrent, like so many 
others, tells us. 
Let us watch her at work on the alder and 
we shall know how she labours on the hazel- 
bush. The Apoderus does not know the 
method of the Rhynchites, who, to kill the 
elasticity of the leaf to be rolled, makes a 
deep puncture in the stalk. The red leaf- 
roller has a special modus operandi, in no 
way related to that of the puncture. 
Can this change of method be due to the 
absence of the rostrum, of the fine awl 
capable of being driven into the narrow leaf- 
stalk? It is possible, but not certain, for 
the snout, an excellent pair of shears, could 
cut half through the leaf-stalk at a bite and 
obtain an equivalent result. I prefer to see 
in the novel procedure one of those methods 
which are the separate property of every 
specialist. We must never judge of the 
work by the tool employed. The insect is 
an adept at using any sort of implement, 
even though defective. 
The fact is that with her mandibles the 
Apoderus slashes the alder-leaf cross-wise, 
at some distance from the base. The whole 
leaf is cut clean through, including even the 
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