INTRODUCTION. 23 



Tlic will causes the fibre to contract through the medium of the nerve ; and the 

 involuntary fibres, such as those we liave mentioned, are equally animated by the 

 nerves ^vhich pervade them ; it is, therefore, probable, that these nerves are the cause 

 of their contraction. 



All contraction, and, generally speaking, all change of dimension in nature, is produced 

 by a change of chemical composition, though it consists merely in the flowing or ebbing 

 of an imponderable *, such as caloric ; it is thus also that the most violent of known 

 movements are occasioned, as combustions, detonations, &c. 



There is, then, great reason for supposing that it is by an imponderable fluid that 

 the nei-ve acts upon the fibre ; and the more especially, as it is demonstrated that this 

 action is not mechanical. 



The medullary matter of the whole nervous system is homogeneous, and m.ust 

 exercise, wherever it is found, the functions appertaining to its nature ; all its ramifi- 

 cations receive a great abundance of blood-vessels. 



AU the animal fluids being derived from the blood by secretion, it cannot be doubted 

 that the same holds with the nervous fluid, nor that the medullary matter secretes 

 [or evolves] it. 



On the other hand, it is certain that the medullary matter is the sole conductor 

 of the ners'ous fluid ; and that all the other organic elements serve as non-conductors, 

 and arrest it, as glass arrests electricity. 



The external causes which are capable of producing sensations, or of occasioning 

 contractions in the fibre, are all chemical agents, capable of efi^ecting decompositions, 

 such as light, caloric, the salts, odorous vapours, percussion, compression, &c. 



It would seem, then, that these causes act upon the nervous fluid chemicalty, and 

 by changing- its composition : which appears the more likely, as their action becomes 

 weakened by continuance, as if the nervous fluid needed to resume its primitive com- 

 position in order to be altered anew. 



The external organs of sense may be compared to sieves, which allow nothing to 

 pass through to the nerve except the species of agent which should aff'ect it in that 

 particular place, but which often accumulates so as to increase the effect. The 

 tongue has its spongy papilla?, which imbibe saline solutions : the ear a gelatinous 

 pulp, which is intensely agitated by sonorous vibrations ; the eye transparent lenses, 

 which concentrate the raj^s of light, &c. 



It is probable that what are styled irritants, or the agents which occasion the con- 

 tractions of the fibre, exert this action by producing on the fibre, by the nerve, the 

 same efl^ect which is produced by the will ; that is to say, by altering the nervous fluid 

 in the manner necessary to change the dimensions of the fibre on which it has influence ; 

 but the will has nothing to do in this action ; the me is often even without any 

 knowledge of it. The muscles separated from the body are still susceptible of irrita- 

 tion, so long as the portion of the nerve distributed within them preserves its power of 

 acting on them ; the will being evidently unconnected with this phenomenon. 



The nervous fluid is altered by muscular irritation, as well as by sensation and 

 voluntaiy motion ; and the same necessity occurs for the re-establishment of its primi- 

 tive composition. 



The movements of translation necessarjr to vegetative life are determined by irritants : 



* " Imponderable lluiti" is the expression in llic oHfinai, — Ed. 



