5G MAMMALIA. 



head; and it is this one "^-liich lias given rise to the most civilized nations, — to those wlilcli have gene- 

 rally held tlie rest in subjection : it varies in complexion and in the colour of the hair. 



The Mou^ohiui is known hv iiLs jirMJcetiMg rhork-hoiies, flat vii;ag;e, narrow and o'llique eyehrows, 

 scanty beard, and (dive coniplcxio'i, ("ireat eMi|iircs have Iji-en e^tal^li,^hed by this race in Cbiua and 

 Japan, and its conquests have suinotinies extenil(_*d lo tliis side of the Great Desert ; but its civilization 

 has always ix-tnaiiu'd stationary. 



The Negro rare is eonliucd to the soutlnvnrd of th{* Atlas chain of nionntjins : its culour ii Ijlack, 

 its hair crisped, the cranium comprcssrd, and no.^e tlattened. The projecting rauzzie and thick lips 

 evi'leutly approximate it to the A}ies : the hordes of which, it is composed have always continued 

 barl);a-ous. 



The iKirue Cniicn;<inii, has been alfixod to the race from which we descend, l)craase tradition and the 

 filiation of nations seem to refer its origin to that group of mountains situate between the Caspian and 

 Black Seas, whence it has apparently extemled by radiating all around. The nations of the Caucasus, 

 or the Circassians and Georgians, are even now considered as the handsomest on earth. The prjjicipal 

 ramilications of this race may be distinguished by the analogies of language. The Armenian or 

 S\rian liraneh, sprriKhng southward, prodnced the Assyrians, the (.'liahleariS, tlie hitherto untameable 

 Arabs, \\ho, after Mah(tniet, exiicctcd to become Uia,ster^ of the world; the Dicenicians, the Jews, the 

 xVhyssinians, which were Araliian colonies, and most pnuiahly the Egyptians. It is from this branch, 

 always inehned to mysticism, that have s]jrung the mos(. widely extended forms of religion. Science 

 and literature liave sometimes nourished among its nations, hut always in a strauge disguise and 

 figurative style. 



The Indian, German, ami Pelasgic branch is much more extended, and was much earlier divided? 

 notwithstanding wdiieh, the most numerous aflinities have been recognized between its four principal 

 huiguages — the Sanscrit, the present sacred language of tlie Hindoos, and the parent of the greater 

 number of the dialects of Hindostan ; the ancient 'anguage of the Pelasgi, common parent of the 

 Creek, Latin, many i,ongues that are extinct, and of all those of the south of Europe ; the Gothic or 

 Teutonic, from which are derived the languages of the north and north-west of Europe, such as the 

 German, Dutcli, English, Danish, Sw^edi^h, and their dialects ; and finally, tlie Sclavouian, from which 

 are descfudrd thoM' of the north-east, tiie Uussian, Polish, Pohemian, ami tliat of the Vandals. 



It is by this great and venerable bi'aueh of the Caucasian stock, that pliiloM.ip{u', the arts and 

 sciences, have been carried to their present state of advancement; and it has continued to be the 

 de]K.tsitory of them for thirty centuries. 



It was pr.'ci'ih'd in Ihiroj.e by the- Ce'lts, whose tribes, once very numerous, canic bv the north, and 

 are now eonnnrj] to its ino^t weitrrn extrcniii ies ; and 1') the Cantabrians, who passe'iL from iVlViea 

 into Siiain, and have become confounded with the many nations whose jiostenty have intermingled in 

 that peninsula. 



The ancient Persians originate from the same sonrce as the Indians, and their descendants still 

 prCsPut a very elo^e rescnihlanri' to the nations of khirope. 



The Scytliian and Tartar liramdi, cxtciiiling tir>t towards tlie north and north-east, and alwavs 

 wandering over the immense [ilains of those countries, returned but to devastate the happier ahndcs of 

 their more civilized brct)ircn. The Scythians, who, at so remote a period, made inaiptions into Upper 

 A-ia ; the Pai llnans. who there di- troyeil the Creek ami liomaii ilominaUon ; tlie Turks, wlio tliere 

 suliverted that of the Aralis, and subjugated in Europe the unfortunate rcLiniaut of the Grecian people, 

 were all oli'-ets from this braneii. Tlie Finlaudcrs and Hungarians arc tribes of the same division 

 whicli have strayed annmg the Selavonic anrl Teutonic ua'ions. Tlicir ori'j;inal coiiutrv, to the north 

 and eastward of the Casjiian Sea, still contains inhabitants wlio liave the same origin, and sneak 

 similar languages; liut these are mingled with many olhcr petty nations, variously descended, and of 

 diHercnt languages. The Tartars remained nnniixed hmger than the others througliout that extent of 

 country included between the month <if the Haiiube to bi'Muid the Iriiseh, from which th;'v .so loii'i- 

 menaced Russia, and where tliey ha\e iiually ln'cn siiiijngate(l by Iter. Tlie Monu;oh;'s, however, have 

 mingled their blood with that of the nations the) cou(|Uered, man) traces of which may still lie hnind 

 among the inhabitants of Lesser Tartary. 



It is to the east of this Tartar branch of the Caucasian race that the Mongolian race hcLj;ins. whence 

 1 evf .||,U: to tb(> ea.,t"ru oe^ni. U- iiranelies. the Calmucks ami Kalkas, still wanderine- sliepherds, 



